植物杂交后代中基因偏分离的产生原因及其进化意义  

Distorted segregation in plant hybrids and its implication for evolution

作　　者：王哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海200438

出　　处：《遗传》2016年第9期801-810,共10页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:31330014)资助~~

摘　　要：在天然杂交–渐渗的过程中,来自双亲的等位基因在后代的不均等分布导致偏分离的产生。大量研究表明,偏分离在自然界中广泛存在。但是目前的研究主要集中在遗传连锁图谱构建过程中发现的偏分离现象及导致偏分离的原因,很少有研究关注偏分离带来的基因频率或基因型频率变化对进化产生的影响。本文介绍了导致偏分离的主要因素,如基因相互作用、双亲间遗传分化、细胞质遗传和环境影响等,分析了偏分离的进化意义,认为偏分离的产生对群体进化潜力、性别比例、遗传多样性及维持分化稳定性等方面具有重要的影响。在未来的研究中,应关注转基因进入野生近缘种群体后通过偏分离对群体长期进化潜力的影响,以及偏分离现象在群体世代间有何变化等内容。During natural hybridization and introgression, offspring may obtain alleles from both parents unevenly, re-sulting in allelic segregation that significantly deviated from the Mendelian ratio, referred to as segregation distortion （SD）. Segregation distortion is a common phenomenon and a number of factors can influence the ratio and pattern of segregation distortion in hybrid descendants. However, knowledge on the evolutionary implication of SD is still very limited. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding mechanisms of SD such as genetic interaction, genetic diver-gence, cytoplasmic background, and environmental effect, and analyze its implication for evolution. In short, SD affects evolutionary potential, sex ratio, genetic diversity and maintenance of stable genetic divergence. Therefore, the effect of transgene on the evolutionary potential of wild relative populations through SD and the changes of the pattern of SD in continuous generations should be paid attention to in future studies.

关 键 词：偏分离 杂交渐渗 野生近缘种 进化潜力 选择 遗传连锁 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]