热带对流层顶温度异常与低平流层水汽异常“不匹配”个例的分析  

A CASE ANALYSIS OF THE UNCORRELATED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES AND STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR ANOMALIES

作　　者：韩元元 田文寿[1] 张健恺[1] 胡定珠 王飞洋 桑文军 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室/兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2016年第4期444-457,共14页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(41225018);自然科学基金面上项目(41175042);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2014-104)共同资助

摘　　要：利用UARS卫星卤素掩星试验(HALOE)的观测资料结合同时期的ERA-Interim再分析资料分析了1994—2005年热带对流层顶温度异常与低平流层水汽异常的关系。结果表明,1994—2005年期间大部分年份都是热带对流层顶温度异常偏高(偏低)对应平流层水汽异常增加(减小)的温度-水汽的"匹配"现象,但是在1996年则出现了温度-水汽的"不匹配"现象。对比同年中所出现的"不匹配"月份与"匹配"月份,"不匹配"月份的对流活动发生频率低于"匹配"月份,对流活动月平均强度弱于后者,但"不匹配"月份的对流活动瞬时强度较大,在四个时段内发生了强而深厚的深对流活动,地面气旋活动与海温升高则是造成这四个时段发生强深对流活动的主要因素。在较强上升气流的作用下,水汽能够从对流层低层直接传输至低平流层,使平流层水汽增加。另一方面,较强的深对流活动抬升对流层顶,使对流层顶温度降低。因而,短时强烈的深对流活动是造成1996年温度-水汽"不匹配"的关键因素。此外,"不匹配"月份期间BD环流的异常增强使得低平流层的水汽更进一步增加,加剧了温度-水汽的"不匹配"现象。Using the measurements from the Halogen Occulation Experiment （HALOE） and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF） Interim data for the period 1994-2005, we analyzed the relationship between the tropical tropopause temperature anomalies and stratospheric water vapor anomalies. It was found that the tropical tropopause temperature is correlated with the stratospheric water vapor, i. e. , anomalously high （low） tropical tropopause temperature corresponds to anomalously high （low） stratospheric water vapor during most years of the period 1994--2005, except for the year 1996. The occurrence frequency and strength of the deep convective activities during the ‘mismatched＇ months is less and weaker than those during the ‘matched＇ months in 1996. However, the instantaneous intensities of four deep convective activities, caused by strong surface cyclones and high sea surface temperature, are larger during the ‘mismatched＇ months than those during the ‘matched＇ months. The water vapor is transported from the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere through a strong tropical upwelling, leading to an increase in stratospheric water vapor. On the other hand, deep convective activities can lift up the tropopause and cool the tropopause temperature. In short, the key factor causing the poor correlation between the tropical tropopause temperature and the stratospheric water vapor in 1996 is the instantaneously strong deep convective activities. In addition, anomalously strong Brewer- Dobson circulation brings more water vapor into the stratosphere during the ‘mismatched＇ months in 1996, further leading to the poor correlation between tropical tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor.

关 键 词：热带对流层顶温度 低平流层水汽 不匹配 深对流 BD环流 QBO ENSO 

分 类 号：P434.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]