太湖地区小麦生产氮和磷投入阈值的研究  

Study on Threshold of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Input into Wheat Production in Taihu Lake Area

作　　者：李妍[1] 席运官[1] 张弛[1] 王磊[1] 李刚[1] 田伟[1] 张纪兵[1] 肖兴基[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2016年第9期74-78,共5页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014-2)

摘　　要：于2012~2013年在太湖流域典型稻麦轮作农田开展了田间定位试验,研究了不同施氮、施磷量处理对小麦产量、肥料表观利用率和土壤氮、磷含量的影响,并利用产量效应图与氮、磷流失风险图叠加分析的方法推导出小麦生产中既保产量又最大程度减低污染排放的氮、磷投入阈值。结果表明:太湖流域稻麦轮作农田小麦产量随施氮量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,随施磷量的增加呈递减趋势,小麦麦粒产量最高可达4.14 t/hm^2;在小麦收获后,土壤氮、磷残留量基本上随施肥量的增加呈增加趋势;太湖地区小麦稳产、减排的氮、磷(P_2O_5)施用阈值分别为190.80和43.59 kg/hm^2。The influences of different nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） application rates on wheat yield, fertilizer apparent utilization rate, and soil N, P content were studied through field location tests in the typical rice-wheat rotation farmland in the Taihu Lake Basin during 2012-2013, and the thresholds of N and P input into wheat production were inferred by the overlay analysis of yield effect diagram and N, P loss risk diagram. The results indicated that： the wheat grain yield increased first and then decreased along with the increase in N application rate, while it declined gradually when the application rate of P increased, and it could reach 4.14 t/hm^2 at most; after the harvest of wheat, the N and P surplus in the soil basically revealed a rising trend as the application rate of N and P increased ; the threshold of N and P （ P2O5 ） input for the stable wheat yield and less N, P emission in the Taihu Lake area was 190.80 and 43.59 kg/hm^2 , respectively.

关 键 词：太湖地区 小麦 氮 磷施用阈值 面源污染 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]