2007-2014年济南市急性脑炎脑膜炎病例的流行特征分析  

Epidemiology of acute meningitis and encephalitis cases in Jinan from 2007 to 2014

作　　者：刘晓雪[1] 张先慧[1] 徐胜平[1] 宋凯军[1] 宋晓雁[1] 李传彬[1] 张济[1] 

机构地区：[1]济南市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防所,山东济南250021

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2016年第18期3296-3299,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解济南市急性脑炎、脑膜炎流行病学特点,病例免疫史及病原构成,为促进疾病监测和防治提供参考。方法选择6所监测哨点医院,以临床诊断为急性脑炎、脑膜炎的病例为监测对象,收集病例信息,采集血清和脑脊液标本,分别采用细菌培养、ELISA和RT-PCR(或PCR)等方法进行病原学检测。结果 2007-2014年共报告1 552例;7-9月发病最多,男女性别比为1.56∶1。病例主要集中在14岁以下儿童,以散居儿童、学生和幼托儿童为主。乙脑128例,流脑15例。病毒性脑炎脑膜炎病例中,居前三位的病原体分别是:肠道病毒、单疱病毒和流腮病毒。细菌性脑炎脑膜炎病例中,检测出脑膜炎奈瑟菌14例(其中B型3例,C型10例,W135型1例),肺炎球菌13例,流感嗜血杆菌未检出。结论济南急性脑炎、脑膜炎发病主要为14岁以下儿童,应加强适龄儿童的疫苗注射及疾病监测。Objective The aim of this study was to learn about the epidemiology, immunization history and pathogen composition of acute meningitis and encephalitis cases in Jinan, in order to provide evidence for disease surveillance and treatment. Methods Epidemiological investigation and laboratory test were applied to detect pathogens of cases. Results There were 1552 cases reported from 2007 to 2014. Most cases were reported from July to September. The gender ratio was 1.56：1. Most cases were children and students. For viral encephalitis and meningitis cases, the top three pathogens were enterovirus, herpes simplex and mumps virus. For bacterial encephalitis and meningitis cases, there were 14 detected meningitides, 13 detected pn and no haemophilus influenza was detected. Conclusion Most acute meningitis and encephalitis cases in Jinan were reported among children under 14 yrs. And the vaccine injection and case surveillance needs to be strengthened among them.

关 键 词：急性脑炎 脑膜炎 流行病学监测 病原学 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学] R183[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]