机插方式和密度对不同穗型水稻品种产量及其构成的影响  

Effect of Different Mechanical Transplantation Methods and Density on Yield and Its Components of Different Panicle-typed Rice

作　　者：胡雅杰 钱海军 曹伟伟 邢志鹏 张洪程 戴其根 霍中洋 许轲 魏海燕 郭保卫 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2016年第5期493-506,共14页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD16B03);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金资助项目(CX[2]1003.9);江苏省科技支撑计划资助项目(BE2012301);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目;江苏省研究生科研创新计划(KYLX_1353)资助项目

摘　　要：为探明不同机插方式下水稻适用穗型和适宜栽插规格,阐明不同机插方式下不同穗型水稻品种产量形成特征,选用大、中和小穗型各2个品种为试验材料,设置钵苗机插(行距33cm)、行距30cm毯苗机插和行距25cm毯苗机插3种机插方式(记为A、B、C),研究机插方式和密度对不同穗型水稻品种产量及其形成和穗部性状的影响。钵苗机插设置3种株距,分别为12cm、14cm和16cm(记为1、2、3),2种行距毯苗机插设置5种株距,分别为10cm、11.7cm、13.3cm、14.8cm、16cm(记为1、2、3、4、5)。研究结果表明:1)钵苗机插,随着密度降低,大穗型品种产量呈先增后减,以A2最高;中、小穗型品种产量呈递减趋势,以A1最高。毯苗机插,随着密度降低,大穗型品种B方式产量呈先增后减,以B4最高,C方式呈递增趋势,以C5最高;中穗型品种B和C方式产量均呈先增后减,分别以B3和C4最高;小穗型品种B方式产量呈递减趋势,以B1最高,C方式呈先增后减,以C2最高。同一密度下,钵苗机插产量显著高于毯苗机插,增产幅度表现为大穗型>中穗型>小穗型,2种行距毯苗机插差异不显著。对2种行距毯苗机插而言,同一株距下,大穗型品种B方式产量高于C方式;中穗型品种株距为10cm、11.7cm、13.3cm,B方式产量高,而株距为14.8cm、16cm,C方式产量高;小穗型品种除株距为10cm外,C方式较B方式具有增产优势。2)随着密度降低,不同机插方式下不同穗型品种单位面积穗数减少,每穗粒数增加,群体颖花量变化趋势与产量一致,结实率和千粒重变化不一。同一密度下,不同机插方式间单位面积穗数相当,钵苗机插每穗粒数显著高于毯苗机插,每穗粒数增幅表现为大穗型>中穗型>小穗型,结实率和千粒重差异不显著。对2种行距毯苗机插而言,同一株距下,B方式单位面积穗数少于C方式,而每穗粒数则相反。3)随着密度降低,不同机插方式下不同穗型品种穗长、着粒密In order to apply suitable panicle-typed cultivar and plant density under different mechanical transplantation methods,and clarify high-yield formation characteristics of different panicle-typed rice,an experiment was conducted in Xinghua test point of Yangzhou University during 2013 and 2014.Three panicle-typed rice including large panicle type（LPT,Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 8）,medium panicle type（MPT,Wuyunjing 24 and Ningjing 3）and small panicle type（SPT,Huaidao 5and Huaidao 10）were field-grown.We compared three mechanically transplanted methods including mechanically transplanted pot seedling（A）,mechanically transplanted carpeted seedling in row spacing of 30cm（B）,mechanically transplanted carpeted seedling in row spacing of 25cm（C）at different plant densities,namely plant spacing of 12 cm,14cm and 16cm（marked as 1,2,3）in A and plant spacing of 10 cm,11.7cm,13.3cm,14.8cm,16cm（marked as 1,2,3,4,5）in B and C.Yield and its formation,panicle traits were investigated.The main results were as follows：1）for mechanically transplanted pot seedling,with declining plant density,yield of LPT increased and then reduced,peaking in A2treatment;yield of MPT and SPT reduced,peaking in A1 treatment.For mechanically transplanted carpet seedling,with reducing plant density,yield of LPT increased and then reduced in B,peaking in B4 treatment,yield of LPT increased in C,peaking in C5treatment;yield of MPT increased and then reduced in B and C,peaking in B3 and C4treatment,respectively;yield of SPT reduced in B,peaking in B1 treatment,yield of SPT increased and then reduced,peaking in C2 treatment.In the same plant density,yield of mechanically transplanted pot seedling was significantly higher than mechanically transplanted carpet seedling,the range of increased yield followed a tendency of LPTMPTSPT,with no significant difference in B and C.For B and C,in the same plant spacing,yield of LPT was higher in B than C;yield of MPT was higher in B than C in plant spacing of 10 cm,11.7cm,13.3cm,but it wa

关 键 词：钵苗机插 毯苗机插 株行距 产量 产量构成 穗部性状 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]