利益集团与美国能源政策--基于美国ACES法案投票分析  

Interest Groups' Political Donation and the American Energy Policy: An Empirical Analysis of the Congressmen's Votes on ACES Bill

作　　者：谢建国[1] 葛剑鸣[1] 张晓磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学经济学院南京,210093

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2016年第9期44-63,156-157,共20页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:71473118)的资助

摘　　要：作为美国政治生态的一种特殊存在,利益集团的身影出现在美国政治决策的方方面面。在2009年《美国清洁能源与安全法案》(ACES法案)众议院投票过程中,利益集团通过政治献金显著影响了议员对ACES法案的投票结果。在围绕ACES法案的众议院投票博弈中,不同利益集团的政治献金行为模式存在差异,传统产业利益集团倾向于将政治献金重点集中在与自己同属"新能源法案"反对阵营的共和党众议员,以稳定己方阵营;而新兴产业利益集团政治献金的主攻方向也对准共和党众议员,试图拉拢与瓦解敌对阵营;公共利益集团则倾向于把有限的政治献金用于笼络与自己立场更一致的民主党众议员。ACES法案的投票结果显示,美国能源政策的制定其实是国会中各种力量共同博弈的结果。在一定程度上可以说,众议员不过只是各利益集团通过政治献金方式操纵的傀儡。当然,出于连任考虑,所属地区选民与选票也是众议员投票需要考虑的重要因素,因此,众议员不得不在利益集团的政治献金和本选区的利益之间做出权衡和妥协,以实现各方利益的共赢。As a special existence of political ecosystem,the interest groups are involved in all aspects of the political decision-making in the United States. In the 2009 American Clean Energy and Security Act( ACES) voting process,interest groups significantly affected the congressmen ACES voting results through political donation. In the House of Representatives voting game,the interest groups' political donation behavior pattern are varied: the traditional industry interest group's political donation tended to focus on the Republican congressmen who are also against the ACES Bill,and the emerging industry interest group's political donation also focused on the Republican congressmen in order to overthrow the alliance of the Republican congressmen and the traditional industry interest group. While the public interest group tended to donate to the Democratic congressmen with whom they shared more consistent standpoint. The voting results of the ACES Bill shows that the U.S. energy policy-making process is actually an equilibrium between the various forces in the Congress,and to some certain extent,the congressmen can be viewed as puppets manipulated by the interest groups through political donation. Admittedly,for re-election consideration,the interests of the constituency voters are also important factors congressmen should take into account; therefore,the congressmen had to strike a balance between the political donation and the economic welfare of the constituency to achieve a win-win result.

关 键 词：美国能源政策 ACES法案 利益集团 政治献金 游说 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.6