人参全球产地生态适宜性分析及农田栽培选地规范  

A study of global ecological adaptability and field selection practices of Panax ginseng

作　　者：沈亮[1,2] 吴杰[1] 李西文[1] 徐江[1] 董林林[1] 桑明春 孙成忠[4] 藤原直树 陈士林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]中国中医科学院博士后科研流动站,北京100700 [3]盛实百草药业有限公司,天津300301 [4]中国测绘科学研究院,北京100039 [5]日本国株式会社津村,东京1078521

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2016年第18期3314-3322,共9页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2014ZX09304-307-001);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAI05B02)

摘　　要：通过开展人参全球范围内产地生态适宜性分析及农田栽培选地规范制定,为农田栽参合理规划生产布局及规范化种植提供科学依据。采用中国中医科学院中药研究所自主研发的"药用植物全球产地生态适宜性区划信息系统"(global geographic information system for medicinal plant,GMPGIS),以本草文献记载的道地产区、野生分布区以及当前主产区271个样点的生态环境因子值为计算依据,经过生态相似性分析获得人参全球范围内的最佳生态适宜产区和潜在种植区,主要包括美国、加拿大、中国、俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜、法国、意大利、乌克兰、韩国等国家。其中,人参在中国的生态适宜产区主要包括黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、陕西、甘肃、湖北、四川、内蒙古、山东和山西等省区。另外,在产地生态适宜性分析结果和项目组多年农田栽参研究数据基础上,结合文献及对部分种植基地的调研结果,初步制订了农田栽参选地规范。该研究为人参农田规模化种植、引种栽培和保护抚育提供科学依据,农田栽参选地规范为高品质人参的科学生产奠定基础。Through the development of ecological suitability analysis of producing area and the selection criteria of fal^nland cultiva- tion in the global ralage of ginseng, we aim to provide scientific basis for rational planning, production layout and standardized planting of farmland. We analyze the data based on the ecological factors from 271 sample plots of Panax ginseng, including both the traditional producing regions recorded in past dynasties medicinal works and the popular production regions in the world, using global geographic information system for medicinal plant（GMPGIS） developed by ICMM （Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chi- nese Medical Sciences）. We concluded that the suitable producing areas in global for P. ginseng mainly included America, Canada, China, Russia, Japan, North Korea, France, Italy, Ukraine, and South Korea. In addition, the suitable producing areas in China mainly included Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Shanxi. Besides,based on the references and the experience of ginseng-producing and our many years＇ work on the 1,000-hectare plantation of P. ginseng, we established a standard land selection protocol for cultivation of P. ginseng. The use of GNPGIS to select the most opti- mum ginseng production regions provides a new scientific basis for introduction, cultivation, tending, protection, cultivation normaliza- tion for P. ginseng and the standard land selection protocol would lay a solid foundation for the high quality P. ginseng production.

关 键 词：人参 生态适宜性 GMPGIS 农田栽参 选地规范 

分 类 号：S567.51[农业科学—中草药栽培]