山西北部农村区域大气活性氮沉降特征  

The atmospheric deposition characteristics of reactive nitrogen(Nr) species in Shuozhou area

作　　者：刘平[1] 刘学军[2] 骆晓声[2,4] 吴庆华[2] 刘恩科[3] 韩彦龙[3] 李丽君[1] 白光洁[1] 武文丽[1] 张强[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室,太原030031 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,太原030031 [4]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第17期5353-5359,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：山西省科技厅攻关项目(20120311008-3);山西省财政支农项目(2015ZZCX-13)

摘　　要：利用DELTA系统、被动采样器和雨量器在山西省北部生态脆弱区朔州的一个监测点通过一整年的监测试验,研究了该地区农村区域大气氮素干湿沉降的月际变化。结果表明:2011年该地区大气氮素湿沉降为12.43kgN hm^(-2)a^(-1),远低于华北平原大气氮素混合沉降的平均值28.0kg N hm^(-2)a^(-1),降水中铵态氮、硝态氮和有机氮平均分别为1.24 mg N/L、1.27 mg N/L、1.26mg N/L。大气氮素湿沉降的年内分布不均,60%的沉降集中在降水较丰沛的4-10月份。试验区干沉降以氧化态氮(HNO_3NO_2和pNO_3^-)的沉降为主,氧化态氮的干沉降量是还原态氮(NH_3和pNH_4^+)的1.37倍,大气氮素干沉降总量为35.43 kg N hm^(-2)a^(-1)。总体来看,作为典型的干旱区,该地区氮的干沉降是湿沉降的3倍,氮素干湿沉降总量达到47.86kg N hm^(-2)a^(-1)。此外,硝态氮和铵态氮在雨水中呈线性相关,而在PM_(10)颗粒物中乘幂正相关;雨水中总碳和总氮呈线性正相关,而PM_(10)颗粒物中二者呈二次多项式关系。鉴于朔州地区古城镇较高的氮沉降数量,应该对该地区输入农田的氮素环境养分引起足够重视。Reactive nitrogen （Nr） emissions and nitrogen deposition have increased rapidly and will continue to increase with the increasing fossil fuel combustion and application of N fertilizer since the industrial revolution. Nitrogen deposition has led to a series of negative effects on ecosystems such as soil acidification, water eutrophication, and loss of biodiversity in grasslands and forests. Therefore, atmospheric Nr pollution and deposition induced by excessive anthropogenic Nr have become an environmental concern worldwide. However, little is known about N deposition in Shanxi Province. The temporal variation of atmospheric N deposition was quantified using DELTA system, passive samplers, and particulate samplers at Gu Cheng, Shanxi Province, in a one year study. Results showed total wet N precipitation was up to 12.43 kg N hm^-2 a^-1 in this area, which was far below the average value （28.0 kg N hm^-2 a^-1） in the North China Plain. During wet precipitation, the concentration of NO3^--N, NH4^＋-N, and dissolved organic N averaged 1.24 mg N/L, 1.27 mg N/L, and 1.26mg N/L, respectively. In a year, wet precipitation of N showed a distinguished monthly variation due to different monthly rainfall, and 60% of wet deposition occurred from April to October. The major form of dry deposition was NO3^--N, the rate of which was 1.12 times that of NH4^＋-N. As a typical dry land, the rate of dry deposition was 3 times that of wet deposition. The total amount of nitrogen deposition was up to 47.86 kg N hm^-2 a^-1. There was a positive line corelation between NO3^--N and NH4^＋-N in rainwater, and that was a power corelation in PM10 particulates. However, dissolved C and N showed a positive line corelation in rainwater and a quadratic polynomial corelation in PM10 particulates. All these relationships can provide a way to determine one of them through another. Such high deposition rates of Nr species in the Shuozhou area indicated a serious pollution from anthropogenic sources and significant atmospheric N input to

关 键 词：活性氮 干沉降 湿沉降 朔州地区 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]