渤海东部海域秋季底层游泳动物种类组成及群落多样性  

Autumnal species composition and community diversity of nekton in the eastern Bohai Sea

作　　者：任中华[1,2] 李凡 魏佳丽[1,3] 吕振波 高彦洁 丛旭日[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,烟台264000 [2]上海海洋大学,海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第17期5537-5547,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200905019);泰山学者岗位经费资助项目(水生动物营养与饲养)

摘　　要：根据2014年9月在渤海东部海域(37°40'—38°20'N、120°00'—121°20'E)进行的游泳动物底拖网调查数据,应用相对重要性指数、生物多样性指数、群落结构多元统计分析等方法对该海域游泳动物种类组成及群落多样性特征进行了分析。结果表明:调查海域共捕获游泳动物54种,以头足类枪乌贼(Loliolus spp.)为绝对优势种;游泳动物资源密度为28.82kg/h和5166尾/h。游泳动物种类Margalef丰富度指数(D)的变化范围为1.99—3.67,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')变化范围为0.89—2.28,Pielou均匀度指数(J')变化范围为0.29—0.69。群落结构多元统计分析表明,渤海东部海域游泳动物群落结构以60%的相似性可划分为3个组群:长岛群岛海域组群(A组群)、龙口海域组群(B组群)和蓬莱海域组群(C组群);ANOSIM分析表明,组群之间差异极显著,两两之间差异亦极显著。受增殖放流影响,C组群资源密度和种类多样性均保持较高的水平,而A、B组群人为活动频繁,过度捕捞严重,对海域生态环境和渔业资源整体结构的破坏较大。The species composition and community structural diversity of nekton was examined in the autumn at 21 stations in the eastern Bohai Sea （37°40＇-38°20＇N, 120°00＇-121°20＇E） using bottom trawl surveys. Analyses were performed using an index of relative importance, ecological diversity indices, multivariate analysis MDS, and CLUSTER using PRIMER 6 software and other methods. We identified 54 nekton species：34 fishes, 17 crustaceans and 3 cephalopods, belonging to 23 families and 33 genera. There were 5 dominant species, with Loliolus spp. being the most dominant. There were also 11 relatively dominant species identified, including Konosirus punctatus, Thrissa kammalensis, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, Oratosquilla oratoria, and Portunus trituberculatus. The relative nekton resources were 28.82 kg/kg2 and 5166 ind./h, which had a variable spatial distribution. Much of the resource was centralized, with peak densities congregated around the Long Island Archipelago. Mantissa resources were mainly concentrated around the Long Island Archipelago and in the upper waters of Longkou. Stations SL12, SL14, SL15, SL16, and SL17 had the highest biomass, while stations SL03, SL06, SL07, SL09, SL12, SL15, and SL17 had the highest mantissa. Margalef＇s species richness index （D）, Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇）, and Pielou＇s evenness index （J＇） of the community structure ranged from 1.99 to 3.67, 0.89 to 2.28, and 029 to 0.69, respectively. The MDS had a stress level of 0.15, which showed that the community structure of nekton in the eastern Bohai Sea Bay can be divided into three groups：the Long Island Archipelago group （Group A）, the Longkou group （Group B）, and the Penglai group （Group C）. Group A included a single station （SL19）, group B included stations SL01, SL02,SL04, SL05, SL08, and SL13, and group C included SL03, SL06, SL07, SL09, SL10, SL11, SL12, SL14, SL15, SL16, SL17, SL18, SL20, and SL21. ANOSIM analysis showed that in the winter, species compositions in the th

关 键 词：渤海东部海域 游泳动物 种类组成 优势种 多样性 群落结构 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]