上海市母亲孕早期空气污染物暴露与新生儿出生体重的关系  

Association Between Maternal Air Pollution Exposure During First Trimester and Birth Weight in Shanghai

作　　者：钱耐思[1] 虞慧婷[1] 蔡任之[1] 韩明[1] 钱轶峰[1] 王春芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心生命统计科,上海200336

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2016年第9期827-832,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市卫生和计划生育委员会青年科研项目(编号:20134Y071);上海市卫生和计划生育委员会重大课题项目(编号:20134022)

摘　　要：[目的]研究母亲孕早期空气可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、二氧化硫(SO_2)、二氧化氮(NO_2)暴露对新生儿出生体重的影响。[方法]研究对象为2008—2012年上海市出生登记系统记录的所有在沪出生的单胎婴儿资料,污染数据来自上海市环境监测中心网站;根据母亲孕周和分娩日期计算孕妇孕早期污染物个体暴露水平,分析母亲孕早期不同等级的污染物暴露对婴儿出生体重的影响。[结果]上海市5年间低出生体重发生率为2.78%。不同性别、出生年份、母亲年龄、母亲文化程度、胎次、产次分组的婴儿,其出生体重差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);母亲孕早期污染物不同暴露水平间婴儿出生体重差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);控制可能的混杂因素后,多元线性回归分析结果表明孕早期PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2暴露水平与新生儿出生体重之间相关,且有统计学意义。孕早期接触PM_(10)的平均浓度每增加10μg/m^3,出生体重减少4.3 g;孕早期接触SO_2的平均浓度每增加10μg/m^3,出生体重减少7.6 g;孕早期接触NO_2的平均浓度每增加10μg/m^3,出生体重减少6.0 g。[结论]孕早期空气污染物暴露与新生儿低出生体重有关,空气污染对妊娠结局的影响值得关注。[Objective] To assess the association between maternal exposure during the first trimester to air pollutants [particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic size （PM10）, sulphur dioxide （SO2）, and nitrogen dioxide （NO2）] and birth weight in Shanghai. [Methods] The study was based on the singleton data retrieved from the official Shanghai birth registry system from 2008 to 2012 and on the daily air pollution records from the Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center from 2007 to 2012. By using recorded gestational age and date of birth, the average air pollution level was calculated for the first trimester for each mother, and then the impacts of different levels of air pollution during the first trimester on birth weight were assessed. [Results] The low birth weight rate was 2.78% in Shanghai in 5 years. There were significant differences in birth weight within the subgroups of infant’s gender, year of birth, mother’s age, and maternal education, gravidity, and parity （all Ps 〈 0.01）. There were significant differences in birth weight among the infants with different maternal exposure levels of PM10, SO2, and NO2 during the first trimester （all P 〈 0.01）. After controlling for potential confounders, the results of linear regression analyses indicated that the mean concentrations of PM10, SO2, and NO2 during the first trimester was associated with birth weight; A decrease of 4.3 g in birth weight was associated with an increase of 10 μg/m^3 in the average level of PM10 during the first trimester; A decrease of 7.6 g in birth weight was associated with an increase of 10 μg/m^3 in the average level of SO2 during the first trimester; A decrease of 6.0 g in birth weight was associated with an increase of 10 μg/m^3 in the average level of NO2 during the first trimester. [Conclusion] Exposure to selected air pollutants during the first trimester is associated with low birth weight. Therefore, the effects of air pollution on pregnancy outcome deserve concern.

关 键 词：出生体重 空气污染 PM10 SO2 NO2 孕早期 

分 类 号：R122.7[医药卫生—环境卫生学]