战斗机多功能显示器显示菜单标识和编排格式对飞行员认知的影响  

Effects of the Menu Symbols and Arranging Formats for Multifunctional Displays in Fighters on Pilots' Cognition

作　　者：熊端琴[1] 王嫣嫣[1] 刘庆峰[1] 郭小朝[1] 姚钦[1] 杜健[1] 白玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所,北京100142

出　　处：《人类工效学》2016年第4期1-4,共4页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

摘　　要：目的研究战斗机多功能显示器(Multifunctional Display,MFD)显示菜单中(英)文标识和全英文标识及其不同编排格式对飞行员认知的影响,为国产飞机人机界面设计提供重要参考。方法以MFD菜单不同标识和编排格式的8幅显示画面为材料,以151名战斗机飞行员为对象,考察其对各显示画面信息认知的正确率和认知反应时,并要求他们在实验结束后用"优、良、中、差"对测试画面做出评价。结果 "中(英)文标识"和"全英文标识"菜单认知的总体正确率分别为93.0%和89.9%,差异显著(P<0.05)。"中(英)文标识"菜单的正确认知平均反应时低于"全英文标识"菜单的正确认知平均反应时,差异非常显著(P<0.001)。结论根据实验研究结果和飞行员评价提出MFD显示菜单标识及编排格式的如下优化方案:(1)优先采用以中文为主、以英文为辅的"中(英)文标识"菜单,英文标识数量不宜太多;(2)在以中文标识为主的菜单格式中,可首先把重要菜单项更换成英文标识(或其它不同标识),以改善认知工效;(3)采用中英文标识菜单项混合编排格式,尽可能在比较重要的中文菜单项前编排一个英文菜单项,或在英文菜单项前编排一个中文菜单项。Objective To study the effect on pilots＇ cognition when they cognized Chinese and English symbols and their layout of MFD menu in fighter airplanes. The aim was to provide some important references for human - machine interface design of airplanes made in China. Methods The experimental materials were eight MFD menus with different symbols and layouts. 151 active air force pilots joined in the experiment. Their accurate rate and response time when cognizing every menu were explored, and they were needed to evaluate the test photographs with excellent, good, medium or not good. Results The difference between the accurate rate of Chinese （English） symbols （93. 0% ）and that of all English symbols（ 89.9% ）was significant（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The reaction time of Chinese （English） symbols was shorter than that of all English symbols ,and the difference was very significant（ P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion According to the research results and pilots＇ evaluation, suggestions were proposed as follows ： （ 1 ） The Chinese menus that are primary and the English symbols are secondary are adopted preferentially, and the English symbols can t be too much. （ 2 ） In order to improve cognitive achievement, some Chinese important menus can he changed into English ones （or other different symbols）. （3）When the Chinese and English symbols are impurely arranged, an English symbol can be arranged before the important Chinese menu or the reverse.

关 键 词：菜单标识 编排格式 认知 多功能显示器(MFD) 战斗机 飞行员 交互界面 

分 类 号：R857.13[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]