高寒草甸土壤微生物量及酶活性的研究  

Study of Microbial Biomass and Enzymatic Activity on the Alpine Meadow

作　　者：牛犇[1] 张立峰[1] 马荣荣[1] 刘晓琴[1] 张翔[1] 赵亮 古松[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [2]中国科学学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期53-60,共8页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31070433)

摘　　要：为揭示高寒草甸土壤微生物量和土壤酶活性特征,以青藏高原金露梅(Potentilla frutisosa)丛间草地和矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)草甸为研究对象,分析了其土壤理化性质、土壤微生物量、微生物贡献率、土壤酶活性特征.结果表明:矮嵩草草甸土壤全氮、全磷、微生物碳(氮、磷)、微生物氮(磷)贡献率、土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性均显著大于金露梅丛间草地;而土壤有效磷、磷酸酶活性均显著小于金露梅丛间草甸;2种类型草甸的土壤有机质、微生物碳贡献率没有显著差异;2种类型草甸的土壤微生物量对土壤营养库的贡献率均在较低水平.说明高寒草甸在植被生长旺季土壤微生物量呈现较高的水平;而微生物量对土壤营养库比值略偏低.矮嵩草草甸比金露梅丛间草地更有利于土壤养分的提高以及土壤微生物的生长和繁殖.To reveal the characteristics of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity of alpine meadow, we studied the soil microbial biomass（SMB）, microbial contribution rate and soil enzyme activity in the two typical alpine ecosystems of Potentilla frutisosa（PF） grassland and Kobresia humilis（KH） on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau. Results showed that soil total nitrogen（TN）, total phosphorus（TP）, microbial biomass of carbon（MBC）, nitrogen（MBN） and phosphorus（MBP）, contribution rate of microbial nitrogen and phosphorus, urease（URE）, catalase（CAT） and polyphenol oxidase（POL） activity in KH meadow was significantly greater than those in PF grassland. However soil available phosphorus（AP）, neutral phosphatase（NEP） activity was significantly less than that in PF grassland. There was no significant difference between soil organic carbon（SOC） and microbial carbon contribution rate. This study suggested that MBC,MBN, MBP of alpine meadow was presented a higher level during the growing season, and microbial contribution rate was low, and KH meadow was more conducive to improve soil nutrient and microbial growth and reproduction comparing with PF grassland.

关 键 词：金露梅灌丛 矮嵩草 生物化学方法 微生物贡献率 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学] X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]