炭化苹果枝对苹果根区土壤细菌和真菌多样性的影响  

Effect of Carbonized Apple Branches on Bacterial and Fungal Diversities in Apple Root-Zone Soil

作　　者：曹辉[1] 李燕歌[1] 周春然 宁留芳 杨洪强[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2016年第17期3413-3424,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2014BAD16B02);国家自然科学基金(31372016)

摘　　要：【目的】根区土壤微生物是影响根系环境的重要因素,炭化苹果枝是废弃果树枝条低氧高温热解产物,研究施用炭化苹果枝对苹果根区土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构及其多样性的影响,为炭化苹果枝的合理应用以及改善果园土壤生物学性状提供理论依据。【方法】在春季,将长势一致的2年生‘富士’苹果幼树(砧木为平邑甜茶)移栽到含有不同质量比(0—4%)炭化苹果枝的盆栽土壤中,于移栽120 d后采集土样,提取基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增建立文库,利用Miseq平台Illumina第二代高通量测序技术并结合相关生物信息学分析土壤细菌16S r RNA基因V3+V4区域和真菌ITS1区域的丰富度和多样性指数以及群落结构。【结果】从15个苹果根区土壤样本中获得16 656个细菌分类操作单元(OTU)和435个真菌OTU,其中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)是优势细菌,其相对丰度共占70.68%—72.80%;担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和接合菌门(Zygomycota)是优势真菌,其相对丰度共占68.00%—75.14%。群落物种丰富度指数(Chao指数和Ace指数)分析显示,1%炭化苹果枝增加了细菌的群落丰富度,其Chao指数提高了15.42%,Ace指数提高3.89%;0.5%炭化苹果枝增加了真菌的群落丰富度,其Chao指数提高了2.80%,Ace指数提高了3.61%。群落多样性指数(Shannon指数和Simpson指数)分析表明,0.5%—4%炭化苹果枝降低了土壤细菌的多样性,增加了土壤真菌的多样性;其中,细菌群落多样性Shannon指数在炭化苹果枝用量为1%时最低,真菌Shannon指数在炭化苹果枝用量为0.5%时最高。1%、2%和4%的炭化苹果枝均不同程度地降低了根区土壤变形菌门、酸杆菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度,提高了拟杆菌门和接合菌门的相对丰度;真菌担子菌门中的锈革孔菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)的相对丰度最大(数值在31.99%—46.74%),施用1%、2%和4%的炭化苹【Objective】The microorganisms in soil of root-zone are important factors affecting root environment, carbonized apple branches are the low oxygen pyrolysis products of the abandoned fruit trees. The purpose of this study was to understand the structure of soil bacteria and fungi in apple root-zone and the response of their diversities to carbonized apple branches, and to provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable application of carbonized apple branches and the improvement of soil biological characters in orchard. 【Method】 In the spring, the 2-year-old ‘Fuji＇ apple trees（rootstock for Malus hupehensis Rehd） in similar growth were transplanted to the potting soil, the soil was mixed with different mass ratios（0-4%） of carbonized apple branches beforehand. Soil samples were collected after 120 days of transplanting, genomic DNA was extracted, and PCR amplification was made to establish libraries. In this study, the 16 S r RNA genes V3＋V4 regions of soil bacteria and fungal ITS1 regions were sequenced by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology on Miseq platform, and related biological analysis was conducted to explore the changes of soil bacterial and fungal abundances, diversities and structures.【Result】A total of 16 656 bacterial operational taxonomic units（OTUs） and 435 fungal OTUs were obtained from 15 apple root-zone soil samples, among them, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacteria which the total relative abundance was 70.68%-72.80%, and Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Zygomycota were dominant fungi which the total relative abundance was 68.00%-75.14%. The richness indices of Chao and Ace showed that 1%（w/w） carbonized apple branches increased the abundance of bacteria by 15.42% and 3.89% compared with the control, respectively. 0.5%（w/w） carbonized apple branches increased the richness of fungi by 2.80% and 3.61%, respectively. Simpson and Shannon diversity index analysis showed that 0.5%-4%（w/w） carbonized apple branches re

关 键 词：炭化苹果枝 根区土壤 Illumina高通量测序 细菌 真菌 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S154.3[农业科学—园艺学]