不同配方双孢蘑菇栽培期培养料理化性状和细菌群落分析  

Physical and Chemical Properties and Bacterial Communities of Agaricus bisporus Compost with Different Formulations at Cultivation Stage

作　　者：张昊琳 郭亚萍[2] 秦改娟 张国庆[3] 陈青君[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]北京农学院植物科学技术学院/农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [3]北京农学院生物科学与工程学院农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第25期52-58,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"农牧业废弃物资源菌业循环子课题"(2012BAD14B09);现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队建设经费双孢菇工厂化关键技术研究(PXM2013-014207-000096);北京市科技新星项目(xx2015B025)

摘　　要：为了对北京地区的秸秆资源进行循环利用,将其应用于双孢蘑菇栽培领域作为生产资源。在传统双孢蘑菇麦草配方的基础上,分别添加玉米秸、菇渣代替部分麦草,以干燥称重法、凯氏定氮法、灼烧重量法等对3个不同配方双孢蘑菇栽培期培养料的理化性状进行分析,以DGGE技术分析细菌群落特征。添加玉米秸、菇渣后,培养料的含水量、含碳量有所提高;培养料的含氮量越高其产量也越高,产量高低依次为传统麦草配方>玉米秸配方>菇渣配方。不同配方栽培时期共有的优势菌有高温单孢菌属(Thermomonospora sp.)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)、微小杆菌属(Microvirga sp.);一个不可培养细菌在原基形成时占有绝对优势,可能与原基形成有关;全麦草配方的细菌群落演替最慢。传统麦草配方具有良好的理化性状和稳定的细菌群落,玉米秸、菇渣代替部分麦草的配方仍需进一步优化。In order to take recycling use of straw in Beijing, the authors studied the application of straw resource in the field of Agarieus bisporus cultivation as productive resources. Based on traditional wheat straw formulation, corn stalks and mushroom residue were respectively added to substitute part of the wheat straw. Physical and chemical properties of the Agaricus bisporus compost of three different formulations during cultivation stage were determined by dry weighing method, Kjeldahl method, burning weight method and so on, and bacterial community characteristics were determined by DGGE analysis. After adding corn stalks and mushroom residue, the moisture content and carbon content of the compost increased. The higher nitrogen content the compost consisted of, the higher the yield would be. The yield of different formulations followed the sequence of traditional wheat straw recipe, corn stalks recipe and mushroom recipe from high to low. Thermomonospora sp., Bacillus sp. and Microvirga sp. were the dominant microflora of different formulationsduring cultivation stage. An uncultured bacterium which was an absolutely dominant microflora in the pinning phase might be relative to the formations of fungus-bud. The traditional wheat straw formulation had good physical and chemical properties and stability of bacteria communities, and the other two formulations which used corn stalks and mushroom residue in instead of part of the wheat straw respectively still needed to be further optimized.

关 键 词：双孢蘑菇 栽培期 理化性状 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]