植被恢复措施对不同排土年限煤矿排土场边坡细沟侵蚀的影响  

Effect of vegetation recovery measures on rill erosion of dump side slope in coal mine with different casting time

作　　者：史倩华 王文龙[1,2] 刘瑞顺[3] 郭明明[1] 欧阳潮波 李建明[5] 康宏亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [3]北京地拓科技发展有限公司,北京100084 [4]中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,长沙410014 [5]长江科学院水土保持研究所,武汉430010

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第17期226-232,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX-XB3-13);国家自然科学基金(40771127);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZZD-EW-04-03);水利部公益性行业专项"工程开挖面与堆积体水土流失测算技术研究"(201201048)

摘　　要：为研究排土场边坡细沟侵蚀特征,采用野外调查方法,以内蒙古永利煤矿为研究对象,测定不同排土年限（1、3、5 a）和植被措施（裸地、沙柳方格＋沙棘＋油菜/沙打旺、沙柳方格＋沙打旺）的排土场边坡物理指标和细沟形态指标。结果表明：1）排土年限为5 a时,同一措施下分形维数和土壤容重较1 a增大3.60%～7.20%和7.26%～20.00%,含植被措施土壤颗粒分形维数较裸地小0.40%～3.80%。2）以排土年限1 a为基准,裸地和沙柳方格＋沙棘＋油菜/沙打旺措施的细沟总长、细沟密度、平均沟深、平均沟宽和细沟割裂度随排土年限增加而加大97.65%～349.76%、10.34%～277.59%、80.51%～205.11%、28.69%～83.50%、50%～625%和86.37%～129.30%、12.96%～175.93%、1.81%～21.32%、60.61%～67.63%、75%～275%。3）排土年限为3和5 a时裸地细沟侵蚀模数较1a增加4.11%和581.28%,沙柳方格＋沙棘＋油菜/沙打旺减小27.27%和50.65%。4）细沟总长、平均和最大沟深是评价细沟侵蚀和细沟形态的优选指标。研究结果可为矿区生态恢复重建提供参考。As a large field accumulating salvaged material formed in the opencast working process of coal mining, dump is characterized by unique structure and complex material composition, causing severe soil and water loss. Characteristics of soil erosion on the side slope of dump are significantly different from those on the protogenesis slope. A field investigation was carried out to investigate the soil physical properties and rill morphology of the dump side slope as affected by the vegetation recovery measure used and disposal period served in the Yongli Coal Mine, Inner Mongolia. Bare land and field with vegetation measures of Salix cheilophila., Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Brassica campestris L. and Astragalus adsurgens Pall with different disposal period（1, 3 and 5 a） were selected. Plot（3 m×12 m） used in the investigation was laid out with an average slope of 35.7°, and the coverage of vegetation varied from 0 to 90%. Soil bulk density was measured using oven-drying method and soil particle composition was determined by a laser diffraction analyzer. The results showed that： 1） The mean contents of clay, silt and sand of the side slope of dump were 7.28%, 22.26% and 70.46%, respectively. The ranges of fractal dimension and soil bulk density were 2.48-2.66 and 1.20-1.44 g/cm3, respectively. As the disposal period increased from 1 to 5 a, the fractal dimension and bulk density all increased no matter for which vegetation measure. The application of vegetation measures effectively reduced the soil bulk density and improved the soil structure of dump side slope. 2） The number of rills, rill density, mean rill depth, mean rill width, rill width-depth ratio and rill split degree fell within the ranges of 5-14, 0.54-2.19 m/m2, 2.50-18.15 m, 5.31-24.81 m, 1.34-2.60 and 0.04%-0.32%, respectively. With the increase of disposal period, the total rill length, rill density and maximal rill length for both the bare land and the plot with Salix cheilophila., Hippophae rhamnoides Linn, Brassica campestris or Astra

关 键 词：侵蚀 形态 植被 细沟 煤矿 排土场边坡 排土年限 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]