《巴黎协议》中国家自主贡献的内涵、机制与展望  

Intended Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement: Concept,Mechanism and Prospect

作　　者：薛冰[1] 黄裕普 姜璐[2] 王婷[3] 唐呈瑞 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]兰州大学,兰州730000 [3]西北师范大学,兰州730070

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2016年第4期21-26,144,共6页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"东北老工业区人地关系演化多尺度响应及其组织调控"(41471116);博士后国际交流计划项目"可持续应对气候变化的协同效应方法学"(20140050)~~

摘　　要：《巴黎协议》确立了2020年后全球应对气候变化制度的总体框架,明确了以"国家自主贡献"为基础的减排机制,被认为是人类历史上应对气候变化的第三个里程碑式的国际法律文本。目前,全球已提交了160余份国家自主贡献预案,内容各有侧重,充分体现了不同国家的国情特点,自主设计了不同类型的指标体系与执行条件。与《京都议定书》相比,国家自主贡献预案并不具备强制性的法律效力,如果要进一步发挥在应对气候变化特别是碳减排方面的现实作用,实现《巴黎协议》的整体目标,亟需世界各国在应对气候变化进程中进一步树立"共赢"而非"博弈"的共识,增加互信机制;在技术方法中进一步强化数据透明度的监督、报告与核实程序;发达国家应在技术、资金等方面加大对发展中国家的相关援助,协助发展中国家尽可能地实现"有条件下"的减排目标。A general framework for responding globally to climate change after 2020 was established in the Paris Agreement,which confirmed the mechanism of emission reduction based on Intended Nationally Determined Contribution( INDCs). More than 160 proposals of INDCs have been submitted with different contents till now,in which different categories of indicators and execution condition are initially designed. It reflects the local situation in respond to climate change. Compared with the 'Kyoto Protocol ',intended nationally determined contribution proposal does not have mandatory legal function. If you want it to further develop its role in response to climate change especially in terms of the carbon emission reduction. The overall goal of the Paris Agreement will be achieved to further establish the 'win-win'rather than 'game'consensus and increase mutual trust mechanism in the process of climate change process; further strengthening the transparency of data monitoring,reporting and verification procedures in terms of the technology and methods. Developed countries should increase assistance to developing countries in aspects of technology and money and help developing countries as much as possible to achieve the emission reduction targets under the 'conditions'.

关 键 词：国际气候谈判 《巴黎协定》 国家自主贡献 碳减排 全球气候治理 碳排放责任核算体系 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]