中美加劳动力调查方法的比较与启示  

Comparative Analysis and Enlightenments from the Labor Force Survey in China,U.S. and Canada

作　　者：罗薇[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学管理学院,广东广州510520

出　　处：《社会工作与管理》2016年第5期87-93,共7页Social Work and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"我国政府统计调查体系研究"(12ATJ002);国家社会科学基金青年项目"多重抽样框方法及其在我国政府抽样调查中的应用研究"(13CTJ007);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金重点项目"多重抽样框方法及其在我国服务业抽样调查中的应用研究"(2014XZD05);广东省哲学社会科学"十二五"规划2015年度学科共建项目"基于大数据统计化的政府统计设计研究"(GD15XGL09);广东省普通高校青年创新人才类项目"大数据背景下用户网络隐私顾虑测量研究"(2015WQNCX017)

摘　　要：通过对美国、加拿大和中国的劳动力调查方法在抽样设计、数据收集、数据处理、数据产品和开发应用四方面进行比较分析发现,中国劳动力调查在抽样设计上虽然采用较大的样本量,但在样本代表性、样本轮换模式上存在若干问题,不利于后期的估计;在数据收集上采用传统入户询问的方式既不便于数据的录入,又增加了基层调查员的负担;在数据处理上,缺乏数据处理过程中对无回答的调整、覆盖率的校准、季节调整,尤其忽视估计量的方差估计,导致调查估计结果不够科学;缺乏对劳动力调查数据产品和开发应用。然后,从连续性调查的角度对中国劳动力调查方法进行了深入思考,提出六点建议:一是加强人口普查和劳动力调查的衔接,二是合理分配样本量,三是构建和维护劳动力调查多重抽样框体系,四是改进轮换模式,五是建立基于连续性抽样的估计体系,六是形成以劳动力调查为核心的人口住户类调查体系。This paper makes a comparative analysis of the labor force survey in China,U. S. and Canada from the four aspects of sampling design,data collection,data processing and data products. It finds,although China labor force survey employs larger sample size,the problems on representativeness of sample and rotation scheme made it difficult for estimation; the traditional face to face interview is not convenient for data entry,which implies increasing workload of primary investigator; ignoring of non- response adjustment,coverage calibration and seasonal adjustment,especially without regard to variance estimation of estimator,which leads to unscientific survey results; products based on labor force survey are rare and their development and application is also insufficient while plenty of materials are shelved. Then,it puts forward a series of reform measures from the angle of successive sampling survey,including effective linkage of census to labor force survey,sample allocation,the multiple sampling frame creation and maintenance,sample rotation,building a system of weighing and estimation based on successive sampling; and establishing a household surveys system with the labor force survey at its core.

关 键 词：劳动力调查 调查方法 连续性抽样 

分 类 号：C811[社会学—统计学]