典型草原区芨芨草灌丛积雪形态与滞雪阻雪能力  

Snow cover morphology and snowbound capacity of Achnatherum splendens shrub in typical grassland areas

作　　者：左合君[1] 闫敏[1] 刘宝河[1] 董智[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院/内蒙古风沙物理与防沙治沙工程重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2016年第3期725-731,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41361012)资助

摘　　要：通过对典型草原区芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)灌丛积雪体的调查,研究了灌丛特征(灌丛高度、灌丛迎风侧宽度、灌丛顺风侧长度)对于积雪形态(积雪高度、积雪宽度、雪辫长度)的影响.结果表明:芨芨草积雪形态参数与灌丛特征单一因子间呈显著的幂函数关系(指数<1),灌丛积雪发育过程及其形态特征是灌丛特征参数共同影响和作用的结果,灌丛高度对积雪高度与雪辫长度影响最大,灌丛迎风侧宽度对积雪宽度影响最大;在灌丛积雪的形成发育过程中,较小灌丛积雪形态发育较快,大灌丛积雪形态发育相对缓慢,不论灌丛特征如何变化,所有灌丛积雪体前期发育迅速,后期发育缓慢;灌丛二维空间滞雪范围模型直接反映灌丛对风力的干扰范围和积雪的潜在范围,间接反映灌丛的滞雪能力;灌丛三维空间阻雪量模型直接反映一定雪源、风况条件下灌丛的阻雪能力.建立的灌丛滞雪范围与灌丛阻雪体积模型,可为典型草原风吹雪区积雪资源估算和雪害植物防治技术提供理论依据.In this article,the effect of Achnatherum splendens shrub,including shrub height,windward side width and downwind side length,on the morphology of snow cover（snow cover depth,snow cover width and braid length）intypical grassland areas was studied. The results show that there is a significant power function relation between morphological parameters of snow cover and shrub（exponent less than 1）. The morphology of shrub impacts the process and morphology of snow cover（the shrub height is the first impact factor on snow cover depth and the snow braid length and the windward side width are the maximum impact factor on snow cover width）. The snow cover developing speed,faster at the early stage and slower at the later stage is negatively correlated with the shrub size. A two-dimensional model is developed to address the spatial distribution of snow cover on ground surface and a three-dimensional model is developed to address the snow cover morphology and the snow cover amount. The two models reflect the snow stagnation capability by shrubs. The two established models provide a theoretical basis for estimating snow resources and preventing snow disaster by vegetation methodology.

关 键 词：芨芨草 灌丛特征 积雪形态 滞雪阻雪模型 典型草原区 

分 类 号：TU528[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]