华北平原参考作物蒸散量对气候因子的季节响应分析  

Seasonal Response of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration to Key Climatic Variables in North China Plain

作　　者：杨加林[1,2] 刘朝顺[1,2] 乔枫雪[1,2] 杜娟[1,2] 王满意[1,2] YANG Jialin LIU Chaoshun QIAO Fengxue DU Juanl, WANG Manyi(Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241 ；2 Joint Laboratory for Environmental Remote Sensing andData Assimilation, East China Normal University ＆ Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 200241)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心环境遥感与数据同化联合实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2016年第4期418-428,共11页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金41101037;41271055;上海市科委重点支撑项目13231203804;地理信息科学教育部重点实验室主任基金KLGIS2011C06;中央高校基本科研业务费专项(华东师范大学)~~

摘　　要：为探讨华北平原作物需水量在不同季节随气候变化的变化规律,对华北平原参考作物蒸散量（Evapotranspiration,简称ET_o）在不同季节对气候因子的响应情况进行了分析研究。首先利用FAO-56Penman-Monteith公式计算了华北平原48个气象站点1960～2012年的ET_o,其次分析了ET_o及温度（T）、日照时数（n）、风速（u）和相对湿度（RH）这4个主要气候因子在各个季节的年际变化规律,然后使用敏感性分析法分析了ET_o对气候因子变化的敏感程度,最后结合ET_o对气候因子的敏感性及气候因子的多年相对变化率分析得出气候因子的变化对ET_o变化的贡献。结果表明：1960～2012年,华北平原ET_o在四季的年际变化均呈下降趋势。气候因子除T呈上升趋势外,n、u和RH均呈下降趋势。ET_o对T、n和u的变化正敏感,对RH的变化负敏感。ET_o对T和n最敏感的季节为夏季,对u和RH最敏感的季节为冬季。ET_o在春季、秋季和冬季的下降主要受u下降的影响,ET_o在夏季的下降则主要归因于n的下降。In order to explore the variation of water requirement of crops with climate change in different seasons in the North China Plain, seasonal response of reference crop evapotranspiration （ETo） to key climatic variables in the North China Plain was analyzed. First, the FAO56 Penman-Monteith equation was used to calculate ETo at 48 weather stations over the study area from 1960 to 2012. Second, the interaunual changing trend of ETo and its key climatic mnuenuat factors, i.e. air temperature （T）, sunshine hours （n）, wind speed （u） and relative humidity （RH）, were analyzed for different seasons. Sensitivity analysis had been done on ETo sensitivity to the four climatic variables respectively. Finally, contributions of these climatic factors to the change in ETo were analyzed based on the sensitivity of ETo to these climatic factors and relative interannual changes in these climate factors. It was revealed that ETo from 1960 to 2012 showed a downward changing trend in all the seasons. T increased while n, u, and RH decreased. ETo was found to have a positive sensitivity to T, n, and u and a negative sensitivity to RH. The maximum sensitivity of ETo to T and the maximum sensitivity of ETo to n appeared in the summer, while the maximum sensitivity of ETo to u and the maximum sensitivity of ETo to RH appeared in the winter. It was found that the decline of ETo in the spring, autumn and winter was mainly affected by the decrease in u, and the decrease of ETo in the summer was mainly attributed to the decrease of n.

关 键 词：参考作物蒸散量 气候因子 敏感性分析 华北平原 

分 类 号：S161[农业科学—农业气象学]