兰州市植物群落结构与物种多样性调查  

Plant community structure and species diversity in Lanzhou City

作　　者：许宏刚 吴永华 张建旗 黄蓉 

机构地区：[1]兰州市园林科学研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2016年第4期84-91,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划专题(2011BAC07B05-5)

摘　　要：【目的】掌握兰州及周边地区植物群落结构、优势种组成、植被类型、物种多样性特征,探究适合在兰州及周边地区特定立地条件下生长的植物,为植被恢复与重建提供理论依据.【方法】选择榆中-兰州-永登(线路1)、兰州-皋兰-白银(线路2)、兰州-中川-景泰(线路3)3条调查路线,采用线路调查与典型样地调查相结合的方法,对兰州地区的植物优势种组成、植被类型、物种多样性等进行调查研究.【结果】调查区内共有植物187种,分属48个科,124个属,其中乔木38种,灌木40种,草本107种;优势科为菊科、豆科、蔷薇科、禾本科,分别占调查范围内所有种的15.14%、11.35%、11.35%、10.81%;柽柳、柠条、红砂、白榆、束伞亚菊、冰草、滩地韭、长芒草、阿尔泰狗哇花、蝎虎霸王、莳萝蒿在3条线路中均有出现,并且重要值均较高;各条线路中植物群落出现了一定程度的演替,而群落更新不明显;调查区内植被类型可划分为9种类型,4种天然植被类型和5种人工植被类型.【结论】3条线路中,草本层的植物多样性均大于乔灌层,线路2的Margalef丰富度、Simpson多样性、Shannon-wiener多样性低于线路1和线路3,而生态优势度高于线路1和线路3.【Objective】The investigation aimed at mastering the plant community structure,dominant species composition,vegetation type and species diversity in Lanzhou City to explore the plants suitable to the site conditions of Lanzhou and its surrounding area and provide theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and reestablishment.【Method】The plant dominant species composition,vegetation types,species diversity were investigated using route survey combining with typical sample-plot survey in the three selected lines including Yuzhong-Lanzhou-Yongdeng（line 1）,Lanzhou-Gaolan-Baiyin（line 2）and Lanzhou-Zhongchuan-Jingtai（line 3）.【Result】The investigation found that there were 187 species which can be divided into 48 families,124genera,among which arbors were 38,shrubs were 40 and herbs were 107.Dominant families were Asteraceae,Leguminosae,Rosaceae,Gramineae,and the plant species included in these families accounted for 15.14%,11.35%,11.35%,10.81%of total species in survey areas,respectively.Tamarix chinensis,Caragana Korshinskii,Reaumuria soongarica,Ulmns pumila,Ajania parviflora,Agropyron cristatum,Allium oreoprasum,Stipa bungeana,Heteropappus altaicus,Zygophyllum mucronatim,Arte-misiaanethoideswere found in three lines and had a higher important value.The plant community in each line appeared succession to a certain extent,but community regeneration was not obvious.The vegetation in survey areas can be divided into 9types,including 4natural vegetations and 5artificial vegetations.【Conclusion】In the three lines,the plant diversity in herb layer were all higher than that of arbors and shrubs layer.Margalef richness indexes,Simpson diversity indexes,Shannon-wiener diversity indexes of line 2were lower than that of those of line1 and line 3,while the ecological dominance was higher than that of the other two lines.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵区 兰州市 植物群落结构 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]