砒砂岩区排土场新构土体保水效应研究  

Study on the Water Retention Effect of Earth Disposal Site's Soil Reconstruction in Soft Sandstone Region

作　　者：任志胜[1] 申卫博[1,2] 解倩[1] 王彤彤[1] 郑纪勇[1,2] 张兴昌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤学报》2016年第5期1148-1159,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB3-13);科技部科技惠民计划项目(2012GS610203)资助~~

摘　　要：以晋陕蒙露天煤矿区排土场为研究对象,利用土壤水分定位试验观测数据,研究了不同复配方式人工新构土体水分时空变化规律。结果表明：（1）排土场土体年内变化周期可分为雨季丰水期（7月—10月）和旱季贫水期（11月—翌年6月）,土壤水分主要受自然降雨、蒸散、底层渗漏的影响;（2）与无防渗层土体相比,7月—10月雨量丰沛期防渗层的水分蓄积作用明显,较对照高9.65%～13%,防渗层处理的土体底层体积含水量增加了21.6%,砒砂岩防渗层、工程防渗布在蓄积水分上并没有显著差异;（3）风化煤增加了表层土体蒸发损失,不利于土体的持水性的提高;砒砂岩增加了土体剖面持水能力,相对于沙黄土,复配土体0～30 cm层次土壤体积含水量增加约3.36%～9.57%,30～40 cm底层约增加11.16%～13.65%。综合来看,砒砂岩掺混显著增强了土体的持水蓄水能力,防渗层有效截留渗漏水分并持续供给土体,对涵养土壤水库有积极作用。【Objective】The Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia adjacent region is one of the most important coal energy bases in China,and also one of those the most fragile in ecology. In recent years,the ecological system and the landform therein has been severely and widely destructed as a result of the environment of opencast coal mining,which has also triggered a series of ecological and safety crises. And then how to rapidly and effectively improve the reconstructed soil（especially in soil water holding capacity）on a large scale at overburden disposal sites formed during coal mining has become an important scientific problem to land reclamation and ecosystem restoration. At present,the soil in these sites has some main problems,that is,relatively thin in soil layer（less than 50 cm）,and relatively coarse in texture,（over 70%,sands 0.02～2 mm in particle size）,which means that the soil is rather low in water holding capacity. Besides,in the arid and semi-arid region,the precious soil moisture is mostly lost through evaporation and leakage. To save as much as possible soil water from evaporating and leaching,a series of measures are designed and adopted,such as incorporating soft sandstone,which contains about 30% of montmorillonite and weathered coal into the local sandy loess,and spread a layer of soft sandstone or a water-proof plastic sheet underneath the soil to prevent water leaching.【Method】In order to investigate dynamics of soil moisture content in reconstructed soils relative to composition pattern（sandy loess,soft sandstone,weathered coal）and impervious layer（soft sandstone or plastic sheet）,an experiment was carried out,designed to have 6 treatments and 3 replicates for each treatment,making up a total of 18 experimental plots. 【Result】Results show as follows.（1）The overburden disposal sites are subject to a wet season（July-October）and a dry season（NovemberJune）in a year as affected by the climate in the region,and natural rainfall,evapotranspiration and leaching are the

关 键 词：晋陕蒙矿区 砒砂岩 排土场 新构土体 土壤体积含水量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]