贵州省2003～2015年加速控制麻疹效果评价  

Effectiveness of Accelerating Measles Control in Guizhou Province,2003-2015

作　　者：杜雯[1] 戴丽芳[1] 张大勇[1] 穆秋玥[1] 徐飞[1] 唐小敏[1] 吴升伟[1] 朱青[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2016年第4期380-384,389,共6页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的评价贵州省加速控制麻疹措施实施效果。方法运用描述流行病学方法对贵州省麻疹监测数据进行分析，评价加强常规免疫服务、开展麻疹减毒活疫苗（Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine，MV）强化免疫、推行入学入托查验预防接种证制度、提高麻疹监测及实验室诊断能力等加速控制麻疹措施的效果。结果2003-2015年贵州省年均确诊麻疹发病率为4．55／10万，2012年发病率为历史最低（0．09／10万）。大部分年份发病无明显季节性；病例以〈7岁儿童为主，占67．1％；8月龄～14岁麻疹病例中无含麻疹成分疫苗（Measle-—containing Vaccine，MCV）免疫史和免疫史不详的病例占麻疹病例总数的近60％。常规免疫服务质量的改善，使儿童MCV接种率呈升高趋势，2013年MCV1和MCV2调查接种率均达到95％以上；三次MV强化免疫活动后，次年麻疹发病率均明显下降；入学入托查验预防接种证制度的实施，使学龄儿童麻疹病例明显减少，小学和托幼机构麻疹暴发疫情数量减少、规模减小；麻疹监测及实验室诊断能力的提高，保证了麻疹监测系统的高质量运转。结论贵州省加速控制麻疹综合措施实施效果皿著，但距离消除麻疹目标仍有差距，还需进一步加强常规免疫服务质量，加大各项措施落实力度。Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of accelerating measles control measures in Guizhou province. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze measles surveillance data and to evaluate the effectiveness of measles control measures, including strengthening routine immuniza- tion service, developing supplemental immunization activities （SIA） with measles attenuated live vaccine （MV） , carrying out school entry immunization inspections, and improving measles surveillance and labo- ratory diagnosis. Results The average annual incidence of confirmed measles was 4. 55 per 100 000 population between 2003 and 2015 in Guizhou, with a nadir of 0.09 per 100 000 population in 2012. Measles cases were frequently reported as sporadic cases, and were mainly among children under 7 years of age （67.1%）. About 60% of cases aged 8 months to 14 years did not have a history of receiving mea- sles-containing vaccine （MCV）. Routine immunization services were improved to increase MCV cover- age; the measured coverage of MCV1 and MCV2 were both ≥95% in 2013. Measles incidence declined after each of 3 SIAs. School entry immunization inspection reduced measles cases and measles outbreaks in primary schools and kindergartens. Measles surveillance and laboratory diagnosis were improved to en- sure a high-quality measles surveillance system. Conclusions The effect of accelerating measles control measures was significant, but it did not achieve the goal of eliminating measles. We should further strengthen routine immunization services and the implementation of other measles control measures.

关 键 词：麻疹 控制措施 效果 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学] R186[医药卫生—临床医学]