油菜对渍涝胁迫的响应及排水指标研究  

Response of Oilseed Rape to Waterlogging and Drainage Index Determination

作　　者：杨威[1] 朱建强[1,2] 吴启侠[1,2] 王曾桢 

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第10期27-30,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203032);湖北省重点(优势)学科作物学(长江大学)(2013XKJS)

摘　　要：利用可自如控制水位的有底测筒,在油菜开花期、角果期进行了不同时长（5、10、15、20 d）的渍涝处理,分析了油菜叶片色素、保护性酶、MDA及产量要素在渍涝胁迫下的变化。结果表明,渍涝胁迫降低了油菜Chl a、Chl b及Chl（a＋b）,渍涝时间越长,其值越低,而Chl a/b基本不变;随渍涝时间增加,MDA持续升高,CAT活性急剧降低,SOD、POD活性则先升后降。开花期渍涝胁迫后,油菜角果数、角果粒数、千粒质量及产量分别减少13%～56%、7%～34%、9%～44%和16%～68%,而在角果期渍涝胁迫相应为4%～13%、5%～12%、22%～70%和65%～43%。在田间渍水时间相同条件下,开花期渍涝造成的危害大于角果期。若以减产15%～20%确定排水指标,相应地,允许田间渍涝时间开花期为4.7～6.2 d,角果期为9.1～11.5 d,且在田间渍涝排除后3 d内应将地下水埋深降至80 cm及以下。To propose scientific and reasonable drainage strategy for minimizing seed yield losses, the waterlogging experiments at flowering and pod stages were conducted with test-pit at teaching and scientific research base, Yangtze university, China. Waterlogging durations were respectively designed as 5, 10, 15 and 20 days 0-2 cm of surface water layer） for each growing period. Chlorophyll （Chl）, antioxidant enzymes, membrane peroxide degree and yield components were observed. The results showed that the contents in Chl a, Chl b and Chl （a＋b） declined significantly with increasing of waterlogging duration, Chl a/b was approximately unchanged; MDA in the leaves raised with the increment in waterlogging days. Simultaneously CAT activity decreased, and activities of SOD and POD raised firstly and then reduced. The yield traits were adversely affected under waterlogged stress in different stages of oilseed rape. The pod number per plant, the seed number per pod, the thousand seed weight, and the actual yield per test-pit individually reduced by 13%-56%, 7%-34%, 9%-44% at the flowering stage and 16%-68% and by 4%-13%, 5%-12%, 22%-70% and 6%-43% at the pod stage. As the same waterlogging occurrence, the damage caused by waterlogging in the flowering stage was severer than that in the pod stage. Assuming that 15%-20% of yield reduction was allowed for determining drainage index for rape oilseed, the allowable time of waterlogging was 4.7-6.2 days in the flowering stage and 9.1-11.5 days in the pod stage, meanwhile groundwater table should be lowered by 80 cm or more from the soil surface after waterlogging elimination within 3 days.

关 键 词：油菜 渍涝逆境 生理反应 产量 排水指标 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]