沟灌方式和肥料运筹对甜糯玉米产量、品质和土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Furrow Method and Fertilizer Management on Yield and Quality of Sweet-waxy Maize and Soil Enzyme Activity

作　　者：农梦玲[1,2,3] 张潇潇[1,2,3] 李伏生[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530005 [2]广西喀斯特地区节水农业新技术院士工作站,南宁530005 [3]广西高校作物栽培学与耕作学重点实验室,南宁530005

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第10期52-57,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2011AA100504);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA05070403);广西自然科学青年基金项目(2012GXNSFBA053047)

摘　　要：通过大田试验,研究了不同沟灌方式和肥料运筹对甜糯玉米鲜穗产量、品质以及拔节期、抽雄期和成熟期土壤酶活性的影响,以获得提高甜糯玉米产量、品质和保持土壤质量的节水节肥模式。试验设2种沟灌方式,即常规沟灌和隔沟灌溉,2种施肥水平,即低肥(N 120 kg/hm2,P2O560 kg/hm2)和高肥(N 180 kg/hm2,P2O590 kg/hm2),以及3种施肥方式,即B1:30%N、K肥作基肥,70%N、K肥作追肥施入,B2:50%N、K肥作基肥,50%N、K肥作追肥施入,B3:70%N、K肥作基肥,30%N、K肥作追肥施入。结果表明,高肥下,相同施肥方式时,与常规灌溉相比,隔沟灌溉提高籽粒中可溶性糖和淀粉量,3个时期土壤脲酶活性,拔节期和抽雄期土壤转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及抽雄期和成熟期土壤酸性磷酸酶活性;相同沟灌方式时,与B3施肥方式相比,B1施肥方式增加玉米鲜穗产量,提高3个时期土壤转化酶和脲酶活性、拔节期土壤过氧化氢酶活性以及抽雄期土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,而B2施肥方式不显著增加玉米鲜穗产量。隔沟灌溉下,与低肥相比,高肥增加了玉米鲜穗产量,籽粒中可溶性糖量、还原糖量和淀粉量,3个时期土壤转化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性。因此,在甜糯玉米生长季节需要补充灌溉时,在隔沟灌溉下,高肥水平结合30%的N、K肥作基肥和70%的N、K肥作追肥方式不降低玉米产量,而提高甜糯玉米品质及土壤转化酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,是较理想的水肥供应模式。Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different furrow methods and fertilization management on the yield and quality of sweet-waxy maize and soil enzyme activities at the jointing, tasseling and maturing stages, so as to obtain a mode of saving water and fertilization in increasing the yield and quality of sweet-waxy maize and maintaining soil quality. The experiment was designed as two furrow methods, i.e. conventional furrow irrigation and irrigation on every other furrow, two fertilization levels, i.e. low fertilization （N 120 kg/hm2, P205 60 kg/hrn2） and high fertilization （N 180 kg/hm2, P205 90 kg/hm2）, and three fertilization methods, i.e. BI： 30% NK fertilizer as the basal fertilizer and 70% NK fertilizer as the topdressing fertilizer, B2： 50% NK fertilizer as the basal fertilizer and 50% NK fertilizer as the topdressing fertilizer, B3： 70% NK fertilizer as the basal fertilizer and 30% NK fertilizer as the topdressing fertilizer. Fresh yield, quality index （soluble sugar, reducing sugar and starch） of maize after harvest, and the activities of invertase, catalase, urease and acid phosphatase in soil at the different growth stages were measured. The results show that： Under the condition of high fertilization, compared with conventional furrow irrigation, irrigation on every other furrow treatment increased soluble sugar and starch in seed, the activity of urease in soil at the three growth stages, activities of invertase and catalase in soil at the jointing and tasseling stages, acid phosphatase activity at the tasseling and maturing stages. Under the condition of irrigation on every other furrow, compared to low fertilization, high fertilization increased fresh yield, soluble sugar, reducing sugar and starch in seed, the activities of invertase, catalase, urease and acid phosphatase in soil at the three growth stages. Under the condition of high fertilization, compared to B3 treat- ment, B 1 treatment increased the fresh yield, the activities of invertase and u

关 键 词：沟灌方式 施肥 产量 土壤酶活性 甜糯玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]