玉米苗期非充分灌溉条件下水炭耦合的节水增产效应  

Coupling Effect of Water and Biochar on Saving Water and Increasing Yield under Deficit Irrigation in Seedling Stage of Maize

作　　者：刘超[1] 魏永霞[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与建筑学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省粮食产能提升协同创新中心,哈尔滨150030 [3]农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第10期58-63,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51479033);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD12B01);东北农业大学博士基金项目(2010RCB65)

摘　　要：为研究玉米苗期非充分灌溉条件下水炭耦合对产量及水分利用效率的影响,在玉米苗期设置3个灌水量上限水平和4个生物炭用量水平,对不同处理的产量和耗水量进行了方差分析和回归分析,研究了水、炭因子的耦合效应。结果表明:建立的回归模型均达到极显著水平。在玉米苗期非充分灌溉条件下,水、炭因素对产量及耗水量均具有极显著影响,且生物炭对产量的影响大于水,而对耗水量的影响则小于水;水炭耦合对产量具有显著的负交互作用,即水炭耦合对产量提高具有相互替代作用,而对耗水量无显著交互作用;玉米产量随灌水量上限和生物炭用量的升高而显著提高,但超过一定范围后产量则逐渐降低;当灌水量上限为田间持水率的66%、生物炭用量为33 g/kg时,玉米产量最高,为167.58 g/盆;当灌水量上限为田间持水率的57%、生物炭用量为35 g/kg时,水分利用效率最大,为4.38 g/kg。3 irrigation maximums in the seedling stage and 4 biochar application levels were set in order to study coupling effect of deficit irrigation in seedling stage and biochar on yield and water use efficiency （WUE） of maize, the variance analysis and the regression analysis on yield and water consumption in different treatments were carried out to analyze coupling effect of water and biochar. The results showed that： both of the regression models reached extremely significant level; Within the scope of the experiment, water and biochar had extremely significant effects on yield and water consumption of maize under the condition of deficit irrigation treatments in seedling stage, the effect of biochar on yield was greater than that of water, and the effect of biochar on water con- sumption was less than that of water; Coupling of water and biochar had significant negative interaction to the yield, which meant that water and biochar could be substituted by each other on improving maize yield, however, they had no significant interaction effects on water consumption; Maize yield increased significantly along with the increase of irrigation maximum and application amount of biochar under the condition of deficit irrigation treatments in seedling stage, but while exceeding a certain scope, the yield decreased; When irrigation maximum was 66% of field water holding capacity and application amount of biochar was 33g/kg, maize yield reached the maximum （167.58 g/pot）; When irrigation maximum was 57% of field water holding capacity and application amount ofbiochar was 35.4 g/kg, WUE reached the maximum （4.38 g/kg）.

关 键 词：黑土区 水炭耦合 秸秆生物炭 玉米 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]