密立根油滴实验测量条件的优化  

The Optimization of Measurement Condition for Millikan Oil-drop Experiment

作　　者：刘喜莲[1] 李蕾[1] 吕爱君[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京石油化工学院数理系,北京102617

出　　处：《北京石油化工学院学报》2016年第3期61-64,共4页Journal of Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology

基　　金：2014年校级教改项目(14010782014)

摘　　要：选择合适的油滴是密立根油滴实验的关键环节。分析了实验中影响油滴带电的主要因素;结合实验条件,根据油滴半径与下落时间的关系,给出了下落时间的合理区间;由平衡电压与下落时间的关系,计算并分析得出了平衡电压的最佳实验区间;由此,提出了预先设定平衡电压快速捕捉合理油滴的操作方法。实验结果表明,此方法为正确选取油滴提供了理论依据和切实可行的方法。Choosing appropriate oil drops is the key step in Millikan oil-drop experiment. The main factors that influence the amount of charge an oil droplet can carry are analyzed. Then in accord with experimental conditions, the reasonable range offall time is obtained based on the relation betweenthe radius andthe falling time of an oil droplet. Furthermore, according to the dependence of balance voltage on failing time, the optimal experimental range of the equilibrium voltage is calculated and analyzed. Based on the aforementioned analysis, a quickmethod for capturing the oil droplets throughproperly setting balanced voltage is proposed. Experimental results show that this method is not only theoretically solid but also practically applicable for correctly selecting oil droplets.

关 键 词：密立根油滴实验 平衡电压 电荷 最佳测量条件 

分 类 号：O433[机械工程—光学工程]