现代化的“中国道路”——中国现代化历史进程的若干思考  

The Modernization of China:A Comparative View

作　　者：马敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2016年第9期27-40,共14页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：2013年国家社科基金重大攻关项目“中国近现代博览会通史”(13&ZD096)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：人类的现代化仍是一个未完成的事业，而历史已经证明，西方的现代化模式并不具有普世性。中国的现代化成就充分说明，世界的现代化离不开“中国故事”，聚焦中国的现代化问题，发现其道路不同于西方模式的特点所在，将为现代化范式的多元建构贡献独特的中国视角。界定现代化、认识现代化的历史，必须打破西方中心论，更多地关注非西方世界现代化的多样性和独特性。中国社会科学杂志社主办的“第三届中美学术高层论坛＂，邀请国内外学者对此各抒己见，以比较视野来考察中国的现代化范式。本专题的三篇论文，便来自此次论坛。华中师范大学教授马敏指出，中国现代化可划分为“资本主义近代化”和“社会主义现代化”两个大的发展阶段。前者基本以失败告终，后者则取得了巨大成功。中国现代化历经曲折后终获成功，其背后的原因主要在于国家政权的力量在其中扮演重要角色，而对传统的转化与“活用＂，是现代化活力的源泉。总结中国现代化的经验，对于丰富和发展世界现代化理论有着特殊的意义。上海交通大学人文学院哲学系、厦门大学人文学院哲学系教授陈嘉明认为，在中国走向现代化的道路上，传统儒家强调单边“义务论＂的伦理须加以反思，创造性地发展一种以权利为本位的伦理观，使之达到与义务论的平衡。如将儒家作为有助于中国现代化的文化资源之一，就应当更新其道德哲学，以其“仁者爱人”的人文精神为基础，以尊重人的权利为前提，从道德权利方面为法定权利提供伦理基础。我们可以在吸纳儒家原有的人本主义思想，原有的仁、义等德性思想中的合理要素的基础上，将其更新、转化为具有现代伦理价值、与现代化的需要相适合的、并能够为现代化的构建服务的学说。Modernization is still underway,and as history has proven,the Western model of modernization is not a universal one.The achievements of Chinese modernization are an ample indication that world modernization cannot do without'the China story, 'and that focusing on the question of Chinese modernization and finding where it differs from that of the West will provide a unique Chinese angle for the pluralistic construction of the paradigm of modernization.To define modernization and understand its history,one must break with Eurocentrism and pay greater attention to the diversity and distinctiveness of modernization in the non-Western world.The Third Sino-U.S.High Level Scholarly Forum sponsored by the Social Sciences in China Press invited scholars at home and abroad to express their views and examine China's modernization paradigm from a comparative perspective.It is from this forum that the three articles on this special topic derive.Professor Ma Min from Central China Normal University points out that the modernization of China can be divided into the two stages of'early capitalist modernization' and'socialist modernization. ' Overall,the former was a failure,but the latter has been a great success.The success of Chinese modernization after so many setbacks is mainly attributable to the important role of state political power,with the transformation and'flexible utilization' of tradition providing the impetus for this modernization.The summing up of China's modernization experiencehas especial significance for the enrichment and development of world modernization theory.Professor Chen Jiaming of the Department of Philosophy of the School of Humanities of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the counterpart unit of the Xiamen University holds that on the road to China's modernization,the ethics of traditional Confucianism,with its emphasis on unilateral'deontology,'should be subject to creative reflection,with a view to developing a rights-centered ethic that balances rights and duties.Once Confucianism is viewed as o

关 键 词：中国现代化 历史进程 道路 社会主义现代化 资本主义近代化 现代化范式 西方世界 中国社会科学 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]