一种马铃薯漏播检测及补偿装置的研制  

Development of a kind of potato loss sowing detection and compensation device

作　　者：王关平[1] 孙伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2016年第5期1008-1014,共7页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：甘肃省高等学校基本科研业务费资助项目(2013);盛彤笙科技创新基金(GSAU-STS-1337)~~

摘　　要：针对现有的链勺式排种器马铃薯播种机作业过程中普遍存在的漏播现象,以PIC16F877单片机为核心,提出了一种由漏播检测启动信号生成电路、红外漏播检测电路和窝眼轮式排种系统构成的漏播检测补偿新方案。漏播检测启动信号生成电路主要由永磁铁和干簧继电器电路构成,每当固定于取种勺底板上的永磁铁略过干簧继电器时,都会触发系统进行一次基于红外信号发射、接收的漏播检测工作,系统软件基于PIC16F877特定引脚上一定时间段内发生电平变化的次数做出是否漏播的判断;如果确定漏播事件发生,PIC16F877将迅速发出补种指令,窝眼轮式排种器在步进电机带动下迅速旋转90°将待补薯种排入导种槽,从而实现漏播补偿。试验结果表明,该系统漏播检测的准确率>99.8%,补种成功率>75%,总播种成功率>96.5%,链勺式排种器马铃薯播种机的漏播被有效抑制。For the problems of loss sowing in the operation of the potato planter with the chain-scoop metering device, based on microchip unit PIC16F877, a new scheme which is composed of loss sowing detection start signal generation circuit, infrared loss sowing detection circuit and socket-roller seed metering system is put forward. Loss sowing detection start signal generation circuit mainly consisted of the permanent magnets and a reed relay circuit, when every permanent magnet which is ifxed to the plate of the seed spoon skips over the reed relay, the loss sowing detection will be trigged basing on the infrared signal emission and receiving, the system can make the judgment whether loss sowing occurs based on the number of level changes in particular pins of PIC16F877 during a certain period; in the case of loss sowing, a reseeding directive from PIC16F877 will be issued immediately, the socket-roller seed metering device will rotate 90°rapidly driven by the step motor, as a result, a potato seed will be released into the slipping groove, and the loss sowing compensation is realized. The experimental results show that the system performance is reliable, the accuracy of loss sowing detection is not less than 99.8%, the success of loss sowing compensation is greater than 75% and the total seeding success is above 96.5%, loss sowing of the potato planter with the chain-scoop metering device is suppressed signiifcantly.

关 键 词：马铃薯播种机 链勺式排种器 干簧继电器 红外漏播检测 窝眼轮式排种系统 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]