论“史钞”  

On “Historical Excerpts”

作　　者：王记录[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学历史文化学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《史学史研究》2016年第3期1-12,共12页Journal of Historiography

摘　　要：作为一种史书编纂形式,史钞起源于战国时期,经过两汉至隋唐的发展,到宋明时期达于鼎盛。随着史钞类史籍的逐步增多,宋初编纂《龙图阁书目》,正式把史钞从杂史中分离出来,列为史部独立的类目,取得了史学史上应有的地位。史钞的编纂形式比较灵活,或在旧史体裁基础上加以改造创新,或打乱旧史体例重新分类钞纂,或不受史书体例限制,随笔杂抄,均以适合多数人阅读为归宿。史钞蕴含着丰富的史学思想,有着强烈地以史为鉴的思想,特别注重正统之争,彰显以史育人的观念,关注史论在读史中的的引导作用。史钞的社会影响很大,人们竞相镌刻、售卖和传阅,成为史学走下庙堂、走向民间的桥梁。As a kind of historical compilation, historical excerpts originated in the Warring States period, and reached the zenith during the Song and Ming Dynasties after the development from the Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. LONGTUGE SHUMU compiled at the beginning of the Song Dynasty, which officially separated the historical excerpts from miscellaneous history, set historical excerpts as an independent category and achieved the due status in the history of historiography with gradual increase of historical excerpts. The codifying forms of historical excerpts could be more flexible and be understood by the majority easily. The scholars made innovation in the old genres, or upset the old styles and reclassified them, or edited historical books without limitations of the styles. Historical excerpts contain rich historiographical ideologies and indication of taking history as referances, showing the idea of educating people with the history, highlighting the concept of the history of education, focusing on the guiding role of historical theories on reading history with the particular emphasis on the orthodox traditions. Historical excerpts have great social impacts, and people are eager to engrave, sell and read historical excerpts. Historical excerpts became a bridge for historiography from shrine to the folk.

关 键 词：史钞 史学普及 历史编纂 史学思想 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]