贵州喀斯特地区侵蚀性次降雨产流产沙特征研究  

Study on the Characteristics of Single Erosive Rainfall and Runoff and Sediment Yield in Karst Area of Guizhou

作　　者：杜波[1] 唐丽霞[1] 潘佑静 杨智 谭顺菊 高蜻 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省瓮安县水务局,贵州瓮安550400 [3]贵州省水土保持技术咨询研究中心.贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2016年第5期111-117,共7页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省水利厅科研项目(KT201312)资助;贵州省水利厅科研项目(KT201311)资助

摘　　要：为研究喀斯特地区侵蚀性次降雨与产流产沙特征,选取贵州省关岭县蚂蝗田小流域坡面径流小区监测资料,采用经验频率统计法、快速聚类和判别聚类法、降雨侵蚀力简易计算法进行研究。结果表明:5—9月为侵蚀降雨主要集中月份,占侵蚀降雨总量98.08%,占降雨总量48.83%,6月是侵蚀降雨最多的月份;喀斯特地区侵蚀性次降雨雨量和雨强标准为14.49 mm和1.51 mm/h;侵蚀性次降雨划分为A(大雨量、长历时、小雨强、低频率)、B(小雨量、短历时、大雨强、高频率)、C(中雨量、中历时、中雨强、高频率)3种降雨类型;B类型的产流产沙能力远大于A、C,是喀斯特地区最易产流产沙的降雨类型;次降雨侵蚀力R的计算公式中将PI30替换为PI后,更能反映喀斯特地区侵蚀性次降雨产沙的变化特征。The objective of this study was to study the characteristics of erosive rainfall and runoff and sedi- ment yield in Karst area. Data were collected in a soil and water loss monitoring station in Mahuangtian of Guanling County, Guizhou province. Analyzing the data by using the empirical frequency statistics, fast clustering and dis- criminant clustering method, and the simple calculation method of rainfall erosivity. Results showed that erosion rainfall mainly concentrated from May to September, accounted for 98.08% of the total erosive rainfall and 48.83% of the total rainfall. Erosive rainfall occurred most in June. The standard of single erosive rainfall and rainfall inten- sity in Karst area was 14.49 mm and 1.51 mm/h. Single erosive rainfall was divided into the following three types of rainfall, A （ strong rainfall, long duration, light rain and low frequency）, B （ little rainfall, short duration, high rainfall intensity and high frequency） and C （medium rainfall, medium duration, medium rainfall intensity and high frequency）. The runoff and sediment yield of B-type was much larger than that of A and C, and also was the easiest type produced runoff and sediment in the karst area. The erosivity R of single erosive rainfall was better reflected the variation characteristics of sediment erosion in Karst area when the PI30 replaced by PI in the R calculation formula.

关 键 词：喀斯特 降雨类型 侵蚀力 产流 产沙 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]