基于分期播种的海南冬种玉米寒害和宜播期研究  

Research on suitable sowing date and chilling injury of winter maize in Hainan based on sowing by stages

作　　者：王斌[1] 钟曼茜 白蕤 李宁 钱昆[1] 刘少军[1] 陈汇林[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省气象科学研究所/海南热带农业气象试验站,海南海口570203 [2]海南大学园艺园林学院,海南海口570228 [3]中国热带农业科学研究院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2016年第8期27-32,共6页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省气象局青年基金HNQXQN201504;国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206019);国家自然科学基金(41465005;41265007)

摘　　要：基于在海南万宁开展的冬种玉米(Zea mays L.)分期播种试验,通过自然条件下一次罕见低温对不同生育期玉米影响的调查,得出玉米苗期寒害发生的判定因子,以此对海南历史气温数据(1961—2015年)进行统计分析,探究低温寒害发生的时空规律以及冬种玉米适宜播期的时间选择。结果表明,日平均气温≤10℃会对玉米生长造成明显的影响,叶片出现枯黄,生育进程减缓,以苗期受害最为严重,持续2 d及以上可作为玉米苗期寒害判定因子。儋州、白沙和琼中低温寒害出现频次最高,临高、澄迈、屯昌、定安和海口次之,以上地区不推荐冬季种植玉米;五指山、昌江、琼海和文昌低温寒害较少,较适宜冬种玉米栽植,可选择10月下旬至11月下旬播种;万宁、东方和乐东低温寒害极少发生,最适宜冬种玉米栽植,但最晚播期不宜超过12月下旬。综合而言,11月中下旬可作为海南冬种玉米最适宜播期,能有效躲避苗期寒害影响,本研究结果对海南冬种玉米高产栽培具有一定参考价值。Based on the field experiment of sowing by stages in Wanning, Hainan province, the effects and injury of a rare low temperature on winter maize （ Zea mays L. ） growth were observed, the index for chilling injury was summarized preliminary, then the temporal-spatial distribution of maize chilling injury in Hainan was analyzed by using historical temperature data （1961-2015）, and the suitable sowing date for winter maize was discussed. The results showed that significant damage existed when daily mean temperature was under 10℃, leaves withered, plant growth and development delayed, especially for seedling stage. Daily mean temperature below 10℃ for 2 days or more can be an indicator for maize seedling chilling injury. The frequency of chilling injury in Danzhou, Baisha and Qiongzhong was the highest, followed by Lingao, Chengmai, Tunchang, Ding＇ an and Haikou, the areas mentioned above were not recommended to plant winter maize. The frequency of chilling injury in Wuzhishan, Changjiang, Qionghai and Wenchang was low relatively, the suitable sowing date could be selected between late October and late November. Chilling injury rarely happened in Wanning, Dongfang and Ledong, these areas were most suitable for planting winter maize, and the sowing stage was no later than December. Then, middle and late November can be the most appropriate period for winter maize sowing in Hainan, which was meaningful for maize high yield cultivation and avoiding chilling injury.

关 键 词：冬种玉米 低温 寒害 分期播种 宜播期 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]