清远市农村饮用水水质监测状况及健康风险评价  

Rural drinking water quality and health risk assessment in Qingyuan City

作　　者：雷霖 詹巧莉 王国彬[2] 何健飞[2] 张韶刚 

机构地区：[1]清远市清城区疾病预防控制中心,广东清远511515 [2]清远市疾病预防控制中心,广东清远511500 [3]清远市清城区卫生监督所,广东清远511500

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2016年第8期789-792,共4页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：清远市2014年科技计划项目(No.2014B003)

摘　　要：目的了解清远市2013—2015年农村饮用水水质卫生状况及其可致的健康风险水平。方法按照《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》GB/T 5750-2006进行检测分析,数据按GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价;采用美国环保署(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型,对2015年清城区农村饮用水中部分有害污染物进行初步评价。结果2013—2015年连续3年采集清远县(市、区)水样共1 500份,合格率为43.13%;通过饮用农村饮用水途径所致健康风险中,致癌物引起的年均风险Cr^(6+)(1.47×10^(-4)/a)>As(2.77×10^(-5)/a)>Cd(8.24×10^(-7)/a),总风险值为1.76×10^(-4)/a。非致癌物引起的年均风险Al(1.49×10^(-7)/a)>F(1.72×10^(-9)/a)>Pb(1.61×10^(-9)/a)>Hg(4.50×10^(-10)/a)>Se(1.26×10^(-10)/a)>Mn(1.22×10^(-10)/a)>Zn(1.13×10^(-10)/a)>NH3-N(6.03×10-12/a),总风险值为1.53×10^(-7)/a。结论清远市3年来所监测的农村饮用水合格率不高;通过饮用农村饮用水产生风险中,致癌物超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)的最大可接受风险水平(5.00×10^(-5)/a),而非致癌物低于最大可接受值。监测点饮用水中铬可能存在一定的健康风险,希望引起有关部门的关注,加强对农村饮用水安全工程的建设和管理,提高饮用水质量,保护公众健康。Objective To understand the hygienic status and health-based risk level of rural drinking water in Qingyuan City in 2013-2015. Methods The tests were based on GB/T 5750-2006 “Drinking water health standard test methods”,and the data were assessed according to GB 5749-2006 “Drinking water health standards”. The health risk assessment model recommended by U.S. Environmental Protection Ggency（USEPA）was used to assess the health risk caused by some harmful pollutants in rural drinking water in Qingcheng District of Qingyuan City in 2015. Results A total of 1 500 rural drinking water samples were collected and detected from 2013 to 2015,and the pass rate was 43.13%. For the health risks caused by the drinking water,among the carcinogenic risks,the highest risk was associated with Cr6＋（1.47×10^-4 ）,followed by As（2.77×10^-5/a）,and then Cd（8.24×10^-7/a）,and the total value at risk was 1.76×10^-4 /a. Among the non-carcinogenic risks in drinking water,the highest risk was associated with Al（1.49×10^-7/a）,followed by F（1.72×10^-9/a）,Pb（1.61×10^-9/a）,Hg（4.50×10^-10/a）,Se（1.26×10^-10/a）,Mn（1.22×10^-10/a）,Zn（1.13×10^-10/a）,and then NH3-N（6.03×10-12/a）,and the total value at risk was 1.53×10^-7/a. Conclusion The pass rate of rural drinking water monitored in Qingyuan City in the three years is low. The health risks caused by the carcinogens are higher than the maximum allowance levels recommended by（ICRP）（5.00×10-5/a）,and the non-carcinogens are lower than that. The chromium level in drinking water at monitored spots might have some health risks. The authority should enhance the construction and management of the rural drink water safety projects and improve the quality of rural drinking water to protect the public health.

关 键 词：农村饮用水 水质监测 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]