不同氮效率油菜品种碳素累积转运差异及其对油分形成的影响  

Differences in Carbon Accumulation and Transport in Brassica napus with Different Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Its Effects on Oil Formation

作　　者：张晓龙[1] 张振华[1] 宋海星[1] 余佳玲[1] 官春云[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院/南方粮油作物协同创新中心/土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室/农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室/植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,长沙410128 [2]国家油料改良中心湖南分中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2016年第18期3542-3550,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31372130;31101596);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD15BO4;2014BAC09B01-01)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同氮效率油菜品种碳素累积转运差异,为揭示氮高效品种协调籽粒碳氮代谢矛盾、促进油分形成的机理提供理论依据。【方法】采用土培试验,以不同氮效率油菜品种为供试材料,在正常供氮和氮胁迫条件下,研究不同生育期(抽薹期、开花期、角果发育期和收获期)碳素累积与器官分布的差异,并用^(13)C标记技术测定营养器官碳素向生殖器官的再分配比例与再分配量,分析碳素累积转运对籽粒产量形成与油分累积的影响。【结果】氮高效品种的籽粒油分含量略高于氮低效品种,但2种供氮水平下品种间差异均未达到显著水平,而油分产量氮高效品种显著高于氮低效品种;与氮胁迫处理相比,正常供氮处理的油分含量略有降低,但油分产量显著增加。植株碳素累积量各生育期都表现为氮高效品种略高于氮低效品种,但品种间差异也均未达到显著水平;同一品种不同供氮水平处理之间的碳素累积量差异较大,正常供氮处理显著高于氮胁迫处理。不同氮效率油菜品种器官碳素分配比例存在差异,氮高效品种抽薹期和开花期叶片和根的碳素分配比例以及角果发育期和收获期角果与籽粒的碳素分配比例均大于氮低效品种,而全生育期茎中碳分配比例以及角果发育期和收获期根中的碳素分配比例却小于氮低效品种。与氮胁迫处理相比,正常供氮处理的抽薹期和开花期叶中碳素分配增多、根中碳素分配减少,收获期籽粒的碳素分配也是正常供氮处理高于氮胁迫处理。随着生殖生长进程,营养器官碳素向生殖器官的再分配比例和量逐渐增加,品种间差异也逐渐加大。开花期向花的再分配比例和量,氮胁迫条件下氮高效品种低于氮低效品种,正常供氮条件下则相反,但2种氮水平下的品种间差异均不显著;角果发育期向角果的再分配比例和量以及收获期向籽粒的再分�[ Objective ] The differences in carbon （C） accumulation and transport in Brassica napus with different nitrogen use efficiencies （NUE）, were studied in order to supply a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of high NUE genotypes in coordinating the contradiction between C and N metabolism and promoting oil formation. [ Method ] A soil culture experiment was conducted to study the differences of C accumulation and distribution in different organs orB. napus with different NUE at different growth stages （stem elongation stage, flowering stage, silique stage and harvest stage） under normal- and limited-N conditions, and using ^13C isotope labeling to determine the C redistribution proportion and amount from vegetative organs to reproductive organs, analyze the contribution of C accumulation and transport to grain yield and oil accumulation. [ Result ] No significant differences in grain oil content between high- and low-NUE genotypes under the normal and limited-N application levels were observed, but the oil yield of high-NUE genotype was significantly higher than that of low-NUE genotype. Compared with limited-N, oil content was slightly decreased, but oil production was increased significantly under normal-N. There was no differences in C accumulation amount between high- and low-NUE genotypes, while the differences in C accumulation amount at different N application levels was significant, C accumulation amount of normal -N was significantly higher than that of limited-N. C allocation proportion in plant organs between high- and low-NUE genotypes was different, C allocation proportion in roots and leaves ofhigh-NUE genotype was higher than that of low-NUE genotype at stem elongation stage and flowering stage, and C allocation proportion in silique and grain of high-NUE genotype was higher than that of low-NUE genotype at silique stage and harvest stage. While, C allocation proportion in stem of high-NUE genotype was lower than that of low-NUE genotype at the whole growth stage, and C allo

关 键 词：油菜 碳素累积 碳素转运 油分形成 氮效率 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]