大■繁殖期的行为及时间分配  

Behavior and Time Budget of Upland Buzzard(Buteo hemilasius) during Breeding Season

作　　者：邓腾[1,2] 张瑞[1,2] 许华磊 刘伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海省青藏高原特色生物资源重点实验室,西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2016年第5期743-750,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(No.Y213231611)

摘　　要：2015年4～9月，采用焦点动物取样法，通过人工观察及监控设备记录，在青海省祁连县研究了2窝在人工巢中繁殖的大鵟（Buteo hemilasius）行为。构建了大鵟亲鸟及雏鸟在繁殖期的行为谱，将亲鸟繁殖期内的行为划分为12项30种，将雏鸟的行为划分为9项25种。研究发现，大鵟繁殖期开始于4月中下旬，持续至8月中旬结束，平均（112．0±2．0）d（n=2）；将繁殖期划分为孵卵前期、孵卵期、育雏期及雏鸟成熟期。利用单因素方差分析（One—way ANOVA）比对了雌雄亲鸟之间，以及不同时期间亲鸟、雏鸟的行为时间分配。结果显示，（1）雌雄大鵟之间的行为时间分配在孵卵前期及孵卵期差异不显著（P〉0．05），在育雏期及雏鸟成熟期差异显著（P〈0．05）。在这两个时期，雌性栖停行为所占比例显著高于雄性（P〈0．01），而捕食行为占比显著低于雄性（P〈0．01）。（2）雌性大鵟行为时间分配在不同时期均变化显著（P〈0．05），雄性大鵟行为时间分配在育雏期与雏鸟成熟期间差异不显著，其余各个时期间差异显著（P〈0．05）。（3）大鵟雏鸟行为时间分配在育雏期与成熟期之间差异显著（P〈0．05）。We observed the behavior of two pairs of Upland Buzzard （Buteo hemilasius） which reproduced in artificial nests （Fig. 1） by using the focal sampling method during April to September, 2015 in Qilian County, Qinghai Province. The study area is located in Qilian Mts （37°56′ - 37°59′ N, 100°12′ - 100°15′ E） with the altitude of 3 650 m. Binoculars and video cameras were used to observe and record the behavior of the buzzards from 8：00 - 18：00, and we made observation on the 2 nests by turn for every two days. Observations were carried out at a distance about 50 m from the nests for 119 days （882 h valid）; and video cameras, covered by branches, were set beside each nest to record constantly for 100 days （1 063 h valid）. The breeding season lasted 112.0 ± 2.0 d （n = 2） from April to August, and it was divided into pre-incubation period, incubation period （43.3 ± 2.0 d）, parental-care period （49.4 ± 4.3 d） and nestling-mature period （16.2± 4.9 d） （Table 1）. We defined the behavior of the Upland Buzzard by the postures and actions, and classified thirty behaviors grouped under 12 categories for parents and 25 behaviors grouped under 9 categories for nestlings according to motivations and functions. We analyzed the behavior time budget and tested the differences of time budget spent in major categories by male and female between different periods by the One-way ANOVA test. We found that： （1） there was no significant difference between the time budget of male and female during pre-incubation or incubation period while there were significant differences during parental-care and nestling-mature period. The females spent more time in resting （P 〈 0.01） and less time in predating （P 〈 0.01） than the males during the two periods. （2） The general time budget of females was significantly different between different periods （P 〈 0.05）; and the general time budget of males was not significantly different between parental-care and nestling-matur

关 键 词：大鵟 繁殖期 行为 时间分配 青海 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]