硬头鳟与溪红点鲑杂交三倍体育种技术的初步研究  

Preliminary Study on Steelhead Trout(Salmon gairdneri) and Brook Trout(Salvelinus fontinalis) Hybrid Triploid Breeding Techniques

作　　者：徐绍刚[1] 杨晓飞[1] 田照辉[1] 李文通[1] 马峻峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心,北京市水产科学研究所,渔业生物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100068

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2016年第5期887-894,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：科技支撑项目(No.2015BAD25B00);北京市农业局项目(No.SCSYZ201511-4);北京市财政项目(No.kjcx20140112);冷水性鱼类科技创新团队项目(No.JNKST201611)

摘　　要：为了获得同时具有杂交及三倍体优势的鲑鳟鱼苗种，开展了利用6-二甲基氨基嘌呤（6-DMAP）诱导硬头鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）、溪红点鲑（Salvelinus fontinalis）正反杂交受精卵的实验。杂交结果，溪红点鲑（♀）×硬头鳟（♂）实验组卵子在受精10min后全部死亡，而硬头鳟（♀）×溪红点鲑（♂）组的受精卵正常，可以进行6-DMAP三倍体诱导实验。6-DMAP诱导受精卵结果，起始诱导时间在12～15min，受精卵的发眼率最高，为75．87％～76．64％，存5个起始诱导时间梯度内，受精卵的孵化率在86．44％～90.31％之间，苗种三倍体率在92．45％～95．55％之间，差异小显著（P〉0．05）。诱导持续时间为10～15min时，受精卵发眼率达到最高，为74．28％～76．81％，在5个诱导持续时间梯度内，受精卵孵化率在87．28％～90．24％之间，苗种三倍体率在93．67％～96．25％之间，变化不显著（P〉0．05）。药物诱导浓度为120～150mg／L时，受精卵的发眼率达到最高，为73．57％～76．27％，在5个不同的药物浓度梯度内，受精卵孵化率在88．57％～90．03％之间，苗种三倍体率存92．56％～96．38％之间，变化不显著（P〉O．05）。结果表明，利用6-DMAP诱导受精卵制备杂交三倍体苗种的方法是可行的，实验最佳方法为硬头鳟（早）×溪红点鲑（8）卵子受精后12～15min内，利用浓度为120～150mg／L的6-DMAP溶液诱导，持续时间为10～15min，然后放入孵化桶内正常孵化，获得苗种的三倍体率可达92．56％～96．38％，可满足正常生产的需要。In order to obtain the salmon and trout seeds with the advantages of hybrid and triploid, Steelhead Trout （Oncorhynchus mykiss） and Brook Trout （Salvelinus fontinalis） reciprocal cross fertilized eggs were experimentally induced by 6-dimethyl amino purine （6-DMAP）. Hybridization results showed that the eggs of Brook Trout （♀） × Steelhead Trout （♂） all died 10 min after fertilization, and the development of Steelhead Trout （♀） × Brook Trout （♂） fertilized eggs were normal, so the triploid induction could be performed with 6-DMAP. The fertilized eggs initially induced by 6-DMAP treatment for 12 - 15 min had the highest eyed rate （75.87% - 76.64%）, the hatching rates of five groups with five gradient initial induction durations ranged at 86.44% - 90.31%, triploid rates ranged at 92.45% - 95.55%, and the differences were not significant （P 〉 0.05） （Table 1）; When the induction duration was 10 - 15 min, eyed rate was the highest （74.28% - 76.81%）, the hatching rates of the five induced gradient durations groups ranged at 87.28% - 90.24%, triploid rates ranged at 93.67% - 96.25%, and the differences were not significant （P 〉 0.05） （Table 2）. The fertilized eggs had the highest eyed rate （73.57% - 76.2 %） when the 6-DMAP concentration was 120 - 150 rag/L, and the hatching rates of the five induced concentration groups ranged from 88.57% to 90.03%, triploid rates ranged from 92.56% to 96.38%, and differences were not significant （P 〉 0.05） （Table 3）. The results demonstrate that it is feasible to prepare hybrid triploid seeds by inducing Steelhead Trout （♀） × Brook Trout （♂） fertilized eggs with 6-DMAP, and the best condition is to induce fertilized eggs by treatment with 150 mg/L 6-DMAP solution for 12 - 15 min, and then incubate the eggs in incubator, by which the triploid rate of seed can reach 92.56% - 96.38%, meeting the needs of field production.

关 键 词：硬头鳟 溪红点鲑 杂交三倍体 6-二甲基氨基嘌呤 诱导 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]