规模化稻鸭共育对水稻株型结构及产量形成的影响  

Effects of large-scale rice-duck farming on rice plant architecture and yield formation

作　　者：梁玉刚[1,2,3] 黄璜[1,2,3] 李静怡[1,2,3] 张启飞[1] LI- ANG Yu-gang HUANG Huang LI Jing-yi ZHANG Qi-fei(College of Agrono- my, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Paddy Crop and Oil Crops in Southern China, Changsha 410128, China Observation Station of Crop Cultivation Science in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410128, China）.)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]南方粮油作物协同创新中心,长沙410128 [3]农业部华中地区作物栽培科学观测试验站,长沙410128

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第10期2752-2758,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金："稻-渔"耦合养殖技术研究与示范项目(201203081-2);湘江流域大学农业科技服务技术集成与示范项目(2013BAD20B10)资助

摘　　要：为探讨规模化稻鸭共育能否改善水稻的株型结构从而影响产量及产量结构的形成,本文通过大田规模化稻鸭共育、常规稻鸭共育和水稻直播的对比试验,研究了水稻分蘖末期和齐穗期的部分株型结构及水稻产量。结果表明:与常规稻鸭共育相比,规模化稻鸭共育减少水稻实际产量和有效穗,水稻部分株型结构各构成因素差异不显著;与水稻直播处理相比,规模化稻鸭共育在分蘖末期和齐穗期降低植株茎基宽,增加冠层幅度,保持植株具有一定松散度;增加剑叶和倒2叶叶开角、披垂度和叶片长度,降低倒3叶和倒4叶叶开角和披垂度,利于植株形成上披下挺的株型结构;增加剑叶、倒2叶和倒3叶叶面积占比,使叶面积较多的分布在上部叶片;促进根系生长,增加基叶高和不同叶序叶片SPAD值,减缓叶片衰老。因此,规模化稻鸭共育优化水稻部分株型结构,有利于提高光能利用效率和干物质积累,从而稳定水稻产量。An experiment was conducted to assess whether large-scale rice-duck farming could improve the plant architecture of rice, which in turn influences the yield and yield components. Three treatments including large-scale rice-duck farming, normal rice-duck farming and direct sowing were established to investigate plant architecture at late tillering and full-heading stages and grain yield of rice. The result showed that, compared with the traditional rice-duck farming, large-scale rice-duck farming decreased the actual grain yield and the number of effective ears. There were no significant differences among the various aspects of the plant architecture. How- ever, compared with direct sowing, large-scale rice-duck farming could optimize the plant archi- tecture. It decreased the stem basal width and increased the canopy range at the late tillering stage and full-heading stage, giving plants certain looseness. The opening angel, drooping angle and leaf length of the flag leaves and second leaves saw an increase and the third leaves and fourth leaves declined, making the upper leaves flatter and lower leaves more erect than the con- trol treatment. The leaf areas of the flag leaf, second leaf and third leaf increased, enabling the upper part of the plant to contain more leaf area. Large-scale rice-duck farming enhanced the growth of rice roots, and increased the basal leaf height and SPAD value of different phyllotaxi- ses, which could slow down the aging of leaves. Therefore, large-scale rice-duck farming opti- mized the rice plant architecture, which improved the photosynthetic efficiency of rice, increased dry matter accumulation, thus ensuring a high grain yield.

关 键 词：稻鸭共育 产量 松散度 披垂度 叶面积 基叶高 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]