鄱阳湖非繁殖期水鸟的微生境利用及对水位的响应  

Micro-habitat use of water birds in Poyang Lake and its response to water level during non-breeding period

作　　者：邵明勤[1] 蒋剑虹[1,2] 戴年华[3] SHAO Ming-qin JIANG Jian-hong DAI Nian-hua(College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China Guicheng Senior High School, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China）.)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学生命科学学院,南昌3300222 [2]广东省佛山市南海区桂城中学,广东佛山528200 [3]江西省科学院生物资源研究所,南昌330096

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第10期2759-2767,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260517和31560597)资助

摘　　要：为了解鄱阳湖水鸟的微生境利用及对水位的响应,2014年10月—2015年4月采用样点法对鄱阳湖5个区域52个样点的水鸟数量和微生境利用进行了调查。结果表明：小天鹅（Cygnus columbianus）、鹤鹬（Tringa erythropus）和白琵鹭（Platalea leucorodia）等8种水鸟以浅水生境为主,豆雁（Anser fabalis）、鸿雁（Anser cygnoides）和赤麻鸭（Tadorna ferruginea）以浅水和草洲生境为主,白额雁（Anser albifrons）和灰鹤（Grus grus）以草洲生境为主,白骨顶（Fulica atra）和凤头 （Podiceps cristatus）以深水生境为主,红嘴鸥（Larus ridibundus）和小 （Tachybaptus ruficollis）以深水和浅水生境为主。通过分析水鸟数量与星子站水位的关系表明：鄱阳湖水鸟总数量与水位呈负相关,鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区吴城片区、都昌候鸟省级自然保护区和进贤区域在水位为8 m左右出现水鸟数量高峰,而鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区恒丰片区、南矶湿地国家级自然保护区和东鄱阳湖湿地公园在水位为10^12m时数量最多;各区域水位与不同科及不同种水鸟的分布数量主要呈负相关, 科水鸟因潜水取食需要一定水深,其分布数量与水位在一些区域呈显著正相关。In order to find out the micro-habitat use of water birds in Poyang Lake and its response to water level, a survey on the number of water birds and the use of micro-habitat was carried on with a fixed-radius point count method in 52 locations of 5 regions of Poyang area from October, 2014 to April, 2015. The results showed that 8 species such as tundra swan （Cygnus columbianus）, spotted redshank （Tringa erythropus） and Eurasian spoonbill （Platalea leucoro- dia） mostly inhabited in shallow water. Bean goose （Anserfabalis）, swan goose （A. cygnoides） and ruddy shelduck （ Tadorna ferruginea） mostly inhabited in grassland and shallow water. Greater white-fronted goose （A. albifrons） and common crane （ Grus grus） mostly inhabited in grassland. Common coot （Fulica atra） and great crested grebe （Podiceps cristatus） mostly inhabited in deep water. Black-headed gull （Larus ridibundus） and little grebe （ Tachybaptus ruficollis ） mostly inhabited in both deep and shallow water. According to the analysis of the relationship between water birds＇ number and the water level of Xingzi hydrological station, the total amount of water birds in Lake Poyang was negatively correlated with the water level. The numbers of water birds peaked at the water level of 8 m in Wucheng area of Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve, Duchang Migratory Birds Provincial Nature Reserve and Jinxian area, while they peaked at the level of 10-12 m in Hengfeng area of Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve, Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve and East Poyang Lake National Wetland. Generally, a negative correlation was found between the water level in each region and the number of water birds of different families and species, whereas there existed a significant positive correlation between the water level and the number of Podicipediformes birds in some regions because Podicipediformes birds dived for foraging demanding for certain depth of water level.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 水鸟 生境利用 水位 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]