转基因作物对土壤无脊椎动物的影响  

Impact of genetically modified crops on soil invertebrates

作　　者：郭佳惠 孔云[1,3] 李刚 赵建宁 杨殿林 闫凤鸣[2] 修伟明[1,2,3] GUO Jia-hui KONG Yun LI Gang ZHAO Jian-ning YANG Dian-lin YAN Feng-ming XIU Wei-ming(Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environment Quality of Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China CoUege of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)

机构地区：[1]农业部产地环境质量重点实验室,农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]河南农业大学植物保护学院,郑州450002 [3]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第10期2838-2844,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200424);转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2014ZX08012-005)资助

摘　　要：随着生物技术的快速发展,越来越多的转基因作物被引入农业生态系统,继而引发转基因作物对土壤生态系统带来影响的担忧。土壤无脊椎动物作为食物链中的分解者,是土壤生态系统的重要组成成分,其数量和多样性直接与土壤的健康和质量相关。土壤无脊椎动物作为土壤质量的重要指标,已成为转基因作物环境安全性评价的重要内容之一。本文在概述近些年国内外关于转基因作物外源表达产物在土壤中的残留动态的检测结果的基础上,综述关于棉花、玉米、水稻、油菜等转基因作物对线虫、跳虫、螨类和蚯蚓等代表性土壤无脊椎动物影响的最新研究进展。总体来说,转基因作物对土壤无脊椎动物的群落多样性没有明显不利影响,但个别对环境变化特别敏感的类群,在数量或组成上有所不同。由于调查方法和作物种类、土壤类型等因素的不统一,不同的研究结果无法进行比较,因此,建议尽快建立转基因作物对土壤无脊椎动物影响的评价方法和标准,以便为转基因作物的环境影响评价提供客观可靠的评价结果,推动我国的转基因作物研发和商业化推广,同时最大限度地降低转基因作物对环境的不利影响。With the rapid development of biotechnology, the introduction of a large number of genetically modified （GM） crops into agricultural ecosystems has raised environmental concerns over ecological impacts of these crops on soil ecosystems. As the decomposers in food webs, soil- dwelling invertebrates play an essential role in soil ecosystems. The number and diversity of soil- dwelling invertebrates are directly related to the health and quality of soil. Soil-dwelling inverte- brates as potential indicators of soil quality have become an important part of the ecological risk assessment of GM crops. This article first summarizes residue of exotic gene expressing products of GM crops in soil, and then reviews the recent research advances on the impact of GM crops on main soil invertebrate groups, including nematodes, springtails, mites and earthworms. General- ly, information available so far indicates that plantation of GM crops has had no significant side- effects on diversity and community of soil invertebrates, with only variations in numbers and com- position of some environmentally sensitive species. Current research results of GM crops on soil invertebrates are unable to compare one to the other due to differences in investigation methods, crops and soils, so it is suggested that establishment of standard methods and criteria in ecological assessment of GM crops on soil invertebrates should be speeded up for conducting reliable ecological evaluation of GM crops, so as to promote development and commercialization of GM crops as well as to minimize side-effects of GM crops on ecosystems in China.

关 键 词：转基因作物 土壤无脊椎动物 土壤生态系统 环境风险评价 

分 类 号：S188[农业科学—农业基础科学] S154