不同林龄澳洲坚果园凋落物与土壤养分的关系  

Relationships Between Litter and Soil Nutrients in Different-aged Macadamia ternifolia Orchard

作　　者：谭秋锦 陈海生 王文林 黄锡云 许鹏 郑树芳 汤秀华 

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西龙州532415

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2016年第9期1703-1707,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2016YFC0502406);广西公益基金项目(No.GXNYRKS201506;GXNYRKS201611;GXNYRKS201612);防科转项目(No.15013005)

摘　　要：对桂西南地区3个龄级(6、8、10 a)的澳洲坚果(Macadamia ternifolia)经济林的凋落物组成和土壤养分的变化进行研究。结果表明:凋落物量的大小为落叶(3 202.48 kg/hm^2)>落果(830.24 kg/hm^2)>枯枝(427.13 kg/hm^2)>落花(246.49 kg/hm^2),总量为4 706.34 kg/hm^2,凋落物叶的含量占68.05%;凋落物每年养分归还量表现为落叶(1 416.46 kg/hm^2)>落果(367.22 kg/hm^2)>枯枝(188.92 kg/hm^2)>落花(109.02 kg/hm^2),养分含量表现为碳(1 953.55 kg/hm^2)>氮(72.81 kg/hm^2)>钾(50.17 kg/hm^2)>磷(5.08 kg/hm^2),碳占主体,达93.84%。随着林龄的增长,土壤养分含量平均表现出全碳(58.03 g/kg)>全氮(6.88 g/kg)>全钾(5.77 g/kg)>全磷(0.24 g/kg),不同的土壤养分随凋落物养分回归具有差异性,土壤碳、氮都与凋落物氮呈负相关,而与凋落物磷和钾呈正相关;土壤磷与凋落物氮呈负相关,而与凋落物碳和钾呈正相关;土壤钾与凋落物氮和钾呈负相关,而与凋落物碳和磷呈正相关。因而凋落物是澳洲坚果园土壤肥力培育需要考虑的重要因素之一。Our objective was to better understand the variation of litter substrate quality and soil nutrients of Mctcadamia ternifolia orchard of different ages（6, 8 and 10 years） in southwest China. The results showed that, the litter of the orchard was 4 706.34 kg/hm2 in a year, composed of fallen leaves （3 202.48 kg/hm2）, fruit-drop （830.24 kg/hm2）, withered twigs （427.13 kg/hm2） and flower-drop （246.49 kg/hm2）. The amount of nutrient returned with the litter in a year in the orchard was fallen leaves （1 416.46 kg/hm2）, fruit-drop（367.22 kg/hm2）, withered twigs （188.92 kg/hm2 and flower-drop （109.02 kg/hm2）. The content of nutrients was carbon （1 953.55kg/hm2）, nitrogen （72.81 kg/hm2）, potassium （50.17 kghm2） and phosphorus （5.08 kg/hm2）, respectively. Along with the increase of age, the soil nutrient content showed a trend from high to low total carbon （58.03 g/kg）, total nitrogen （6.88 g/kg）, total potassium （5.77 g/kg）, total phosphorus （0.24 g]kg）, and the soil nutrients by the litter returned in the three ages were significantly different. The contents of the elements were interrelated with each other. Soil organic carbon （SOC） was positively correlated with the litter of potassium （LK）, litter of phosphorus （LP）, and negatively correlated with the litter of nitrogen （LN）; Soil nitrogen （SN） was positively correlated with LK, LP, and negatively correlated with LN; Soil phosphorus （SP） was positively correlated with litter of carbon （LC）, LK, and negatively correlated with LN; Soil potassium （SK） was positively correlated with LC, LP, and negatively correlated with LK. Based on the data, the litters should be considered as one of the important factors in soil nutrient in Macadamia ternifolia orchard.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 凋落物 土壤养分 不同林龄 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]