绿化带土壤重金属污染特征及植物富集研究——以长沙市为例  

Study on soil pollution characteristics by heavy metals and the plant concentration in green belts

作　　者：李彩霞 朱国强 彭坤[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省气象服务中心,湖南长沙410118 [2]湖南大学材料科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2016年第10期101-107,共7页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51571087)

摘　　要：采用原子吸收法测定长沙市交通干道绿化带15种乔木枝叶、根系及其根际土壤中重金属的含量,并分析了各树种对重金属的生物富集和转移能力。结果表明:土壤重金属污染严重,Cd的污染程度最高,其次为Cu,污染程度较轻的为Pb、Zn。乔木枝叶和根系中Zn含量最高,Cu、Pb次之,Cd最低;对土壤中Cd的生物富集最高。就综合富集系数而言,苦楝最高,为4.29;其次为樟树、法国梧桐、棕榈、桂花、盐肤木和构树。15种乔木中樟树为绿化带种植优选树种,苦楝、法国梧桐、桂花、刺槐、构树和棕榈为比较理想的绿化树种,盐肤木、旱柳、臭椿、银杏和秃瓣杜英可作为选栽树种。The contents of heavy metals in soils andin branches, leaves and roots of15arbor tree species sampled in green belts in Changsha were determined with atom-absorption spectrophotometer. Theheavy metal bio-concentration and transferfactors of different plant species were also analyzed. The results show thatsoils have been pollutedseriously by heavy metals. In particular, soils were polluted mainly by Cdand Cu, followed by Pb and Zn. The contents of Zn were highest, Cu and Pb were followed, Cd were lowest in branches, leaves and roots ofarbor trees. Arbor trees enriched more Cd than the other heavy metals. Complex bio-concentration factor of Melia azedarach was 4.29, which was highest among all arbor tree species, followed by Cinnamomum camphora, Platanus acerifolia, Trachycarpus fortunei, Osmanthus fragrans, Rhus chinensis and Broussonetia papyrifera. Cinnamomum camphora could be selected as the mostappropriate specie to repair heavy metal pollution soil in green belts. Melia azedarach, Platanus acerifolia, Osmanthus fragrans, Robinia pseudoacacia, Broussonetia papyrifera and Trachycarpus fortunei were ideal tree speciesto repair heavy metal pollution soil in green belts. The other tree species, such as Rhus chinensis Mill., Salix matsudana, Ailanthus altissima, Ginkgo biloba and Elaeocarpus glabripetalus could be selected as alternative ones.

关 键 词：重金属污染 绿化带 乔木 根系土壤 生物富集 转移 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]