清代吉黑“三音哈哈”送京备选侍卫制度及其实效考  

On the Sending of “Sain Haha”from Jilin and Heilongjiang Areas to the Capital in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：付永正[1] FU Yong-zheng(Institute of Manchu Culture, Changchun Normal University,Changchun 130032, China)

机构地区：[1]长春师范大学满族文化研究所,长春130032

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2016年第10期102-112,共11页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：长春师范大学社会科学基金科研平台建设计划项目(长师大社科合字【2015】第012号)

摘　　要：终清之世,吉林、黑龙江旗籍官兵是清廷侍卫挑补的重要来源。清前期相当长的时间里,部分吉黑旗籍官兵已通过一些渠道送京备选侍卫。然而,清廷正式辟设吉黑地区三音哈哈送京备选侍卫制度是在道光十五年。晚清吉黑旗籍官兵整体上对三音哈哈送京以及在京充任侍卫兴趣不强,主要原因有四:赴京当差路上川资数额巨大,在京当差饮食起居成本更是高于在原籍生活,这是经济因素;吉黑旗籍官兵因上无法赡养父母、下无法与妻子团聚的家庭困难,经年饱受亲人离散之苦,这是家庭因素;个人仕途升转与家庭利益得失的综合考虑是吉黑旗籍侍卫等热衷回籍当差的又一主要原因;晚清吉黑旗人群体谋生渠道多元化也是侍卫等选择返回原籍的一个重要原因。晚清之际,清廷先前在吉黑地区建构起来的"首重军事"统治体系日趋解体则是出现上述现象的社会大环境。Jilin and Heilongjiang banner man group was an important source for the imperial bodyguard during the Qing dynasty. Some Jilin and Heilongjiang officers and soldiers were selected and appointed as imperial bodyguards for a long time in the early Qing dynasty. But the selection and sending system of Sain Haha（ 三音哈哈） in Jilin and Heilongjiang were established in Daoguang fifteen years（ 1835 AD）. Most Jilin and Heilongjiang officers and soldiers were not interested to be Sain Haha or imperial bodyguard in the late Qing dynasty. This phenomena could be explained in four aspects： traffic expense and living cost in Beijing were much higher than that in the birthplace; hard to support parents and could not gather with wife and children; a careful calculation on personal political career and family interests gain and loss,which was the main reason for the imperial bodyguards＇ and Sain Haha＇s strong desire to return to their home regions;Jilin and Heilongjiang banner man group had diversified income channels to protect life. The traditional system of ＂Military First＂founded by the central government in Jilin and Heilongjiang regions broke up under the changed social environment.

关 键 词：清代 吉黑地区 三音哈哈 侍卫 实效 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]