农业新常态下粮价下跌与粮食安全的两难出路--基于河南省25个村庄1169个农户的入户调查与研究  

The Dilemma of Grain Prices Declining and Food Security under the New Normal——A Door-to-door Investigation and Study of the 1169 Households in the 25 Villages of Henan Province

作　　者：姬超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]许昌学院中原农村发展研究中心,河南许昌461000 [2]山西大学中国城乡发展研究院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2016年第10期44-49,共6页Contemporary Economic Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目《在社会管理体制创新中推动基层民主发展研究》(11&ZD029);河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究一般项目《河南省经济转型的制度需求与转型路径研究》(2015-QN-206);河南省社科联、省经团联调研课题《河南省转型发展的制度需求与转型路径》(SKL-2015-2640)

摘　　要：长期以来,我国的农业发展战略和粮食安全过于依赖粮食产量的增加,却忽略了通过降低农业生产和经营成本对提高农民收入的作用,粮食保护价政策进一步导致国内农民忽略了农产品质量的提高,结果是国内外粮价倒挂和国外农产品进口数量的不断增加,粮价下跌和粮食安全的两难困境日益突出。文章基于农业大省河南25个村庄1169个农户的田野调查,结果表明:我国农业转型的着力点可能在于:在发展战略上,从粮食产量导向转为成本节约导向,着力降低农业生产成本,提升国内农产品质量和竞争力,从根本上应对粮价波动风险;在具体路径上,坚持推动土地适度规模经营,稳步推进农村土地的分类流转;在主体培育上,政府牵头培养孵化职业化农民,形成专业化的粮食种植局面和市场为主的粮价形成机制;在政策保障上,精确农业补贴政策的指向性,提高粮食补贴标准和补贴效率,科学规范农田水利设施建设标准,增强种地的抗涝抗旱能力。For a long time,the Chinese agriculture development strategy and food security has put more emphasis on grain yield,and neglected farmers' income increase through reducing agriculture production cost and operational cost. And the protective policies on grain price further lead to farmers' neglects on grain quality improvement. All this finally results in a price reversal between domestic grain and overseas grain,with a continuous increase of foreign produce import. Under this condition,the dilemma of food price declining and food security has become prominent increasingly under this new normal of agriculture. According to an investigation and study 1169 households in the 25 villages of Henan Province,the results of the article show that transformation of Chinese agriculture maybe lie in these points:(1)as for the development strategy,we should transform from food production to cost saving oriented,and we should strive to reduce the cost of agriculture production,also improve the quality and competitiveness of domestic agricultural products so as to cope with risk of food price fluctuation fundamentally;(2)as for the specific path,we should adhere to promote appropriate scale operation of land,and steadily push forward the classification of rural land transfer;(3) as for the main cultivation,government should lead to train professional farmer,in order to form a specialized grain growing situation and market of food price formation mechanism;(4) on the security policy,we should form a precision agriculture subsidy policy,and improve the grain subsidy standard and efficiency,also we should form a scientific and standardized construction of farmland water conservancy facilities standards,in order to enhance farming water logging and drought resistant.

关 键 词：粮价下跌 粮食安全 两难困境 农业转型 

分 类 号：F324[经济管理—产业经济]