基于旋转水槽试验的泥石流阻力坡降速率效应研究  

EFFECTS OF FLOW RATE ON FRICTION SLOPE OF DEBRIS FLOW WITH ROTATING FLUME TESTS

作　　者：邓检良[1,2] 余斌[2] 沈水龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海200240 [2]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,成都610059

出　　处：《工程地质学报》2016年第5期976-980,共5页Journal of Engineering Geology

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金新教师类(20120073120020);地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLGP2013K022)资助

摘　　要：使用自主研发的旋转水槽制作稳定循环流动的泥石流,通过实测泥石流阻力坡降和流动速度,探索泥石流阻力坡降的速率效应。在旋转水槽试验中,通过控制线速度v,制作出稳定循环运动的泥石流,其阻力坡降J等于槽底坡降tanθ,可以实测。试验再现了野外的泥石流运动特性,观察到"龙头"、颗粒弹跳、低阻力坡降、固液相分离、剪切速率效应等现象。试验结果表明,在一定的流动速度范围内(例如试验中1.88m·s-1≥v>0.47m·s-1),泥石流的流动速度越高,阻力坡降越大;如果泥石流运动速率过低(例如试验中v<0.47m·s-1),泥石流会出现固液两相分离现象,砾石(粒径>2mm)运动明显落后于液相运动。本项目的试验研究成果为泥石流制作和阻力坡降测量提供新途径,为泥石流阻力坡降的速率效应理论研究提供实验支持。m This paper uses a newly developed rotating flume experiment apparatus. The friction slope and flowing rate of the debris flow are measured to evaluate the effect of flow rate on the friction slope. In the rotating flume experiment, a stationary recirculating debris flow is produced by controlling the rotating rate v.The friction slope J of the debris flow is experimentally evaluated by measuring the tangential slope of the flume. In the experiments, the properties of debris flow are observed, including the shape of the head, the jump of large particles, the low friction slope, the segregation of solid phase from liquid phase and the flow rate effect. The experimental results show that the magnitude of J increases with the increasing flow rate v under a certain conditions on v（e.g.1.88m·s^-1≥v〉0.47m·s^-1 in this research）.The segregation of solid phase from liquid phase occurs when v is too small（e.g.v〈0.47m·s^-1 in this research）.The displacement rate of gravels is much lower than the flow rate of the liquid phase. The experimental results provide an alternative method of producing debris flow and an alternative measurement method of friction slope. They also provide an experimental support for the further researches on the flow rate effect of debris flow.

关 键 词：泥石流 阻力坡降 流动速率 旋转水槽试验 

分 类 号：P642.3[天文地球—工程地质学]