内生真菌对羽茅抗病性的影响  

Effect of different species of endophytes on fungal disease resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum

作　　者：牛毅[1] 高远[1] 李隔萍 任安芝[1] 高玉葆[1] NIU Yi GAO Yuan LI Ge-Ping REN An-Zhi GAO Yu-Bao College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2016年第9期925-932,共8页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31270463和31570-433);教育部博士点基金项目(20130031110023)

摘　　要：为探讨不同种类内生真菌对宿主植物羽茅(Achnatherum sibiricum)抗病性的影响,以感染不同内生真菌的天然禾草羽茅为实验材料,进行了体外纯培养的内生真菌、感染内生真菌的离体叶片和在体叶片对3种植物病原真菌的抑菌实验。结果表明:体外纯培养条件下,分离自羽茅的内生真菌Neotyphodium sibiricum、Neotyphodium gansuensis和Epichlo?gansuensis对新月弯孢霉(Curvularia lunata)、根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)和枝孢霉(Cladosporium sp.)等3种病原真菌都具有抑制作用,其中N.sibiricum的抑制作用最强,对新月弯孢霉、根腐离蠕孢和枝孢霉的抑菌率分别为47.8%、40.1%、39.4%;内生真菌培养滤液也可以有效抑制这3种病原真菌的孢子萌发,其中N.gansuensis的抑制作用最强,新月弯孢、根腐离蠕孢和枝孢霉的孢子萌发率分别为9.8%、8.7%、8.5%。对于离体叶片,N.sibiricum和N.gansuensis感染可以有效降低叶片受3种病原真菌侵染后的病斑数和孢子浓度,其中N.sibiricum对根腐离蠕孢的抑制作用显著高于N.gansuensis,而E.gansuensis只降低新月弯孢和枝孢霉侵染的病斑数以及枝孢霉侵染的孢子浓度。在体条件下,内生真菌均可以显著降低病原真菌侵染羽茅后的病斑数、病斑长度和孢子浓度,其中E.gansuensis的抑菌作用趋于最弱,而N.sibiricum的抑菌作用趋于最强。Aims Achnatherum sibiricum, a native grass species, is widely distributed in the steppe of Nei Mongol, China. In this study, three endophytic fungi, i.e., Neotyphodium sibiricum, N. gansuensis and Epichlo？ gansuensis, were isolated from A. sibiricum and examined the effect of the endophytes on the resistance of A. sibiricum to fungal disease. Methods Three fungi： Curvularia lunata, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Cladosporium sp. were chosen as the target pathogens. Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of endophytic inoculation of A. sibiricum on its pathogen resistance： 1） endophye in vitro, 2） inoculated detached leaves and 3） intact plants. They were in-fected with the three pathogens above mentioned, separately. Seven days later, inhibition rates, the number of le-sions, lesion length and concentration of spores were measured. Important findings The results showed that all endophytes significantly reduced the growth of pathogens fungi in vitro, and N. sibiricums had the strongest effect： its bacteriostasis rate to Curvularia lunata, B. sorokiniana and Cladosporium sp. were 47.8%, 40.1% and 39.4%, respectively. Culture filtration of three endophytes also effec-tively reduced pathogen spore germination, in which N. gansuensis showed the strongest impact. The germination rates of Curvularia lunata, B. sorokiniana and Cladosporium sp. were only 9.8%, 8.7% and 8.5%, respectively. Neotyphodium sibiricum and N. gansuensis could reduce lesion number and spore concentration of detached host leaves after the pathogens inoculation. Epichlo？ gansuensis reduced lesion number of detached leaves after in-oculation with Curvularia lunata and Cladosporium sp., and decreased spore concentration of the pathogens fungi of Cladosporium sp. In the intact leaves, three endophytes reduced lesion number, lesion length and spore concen-tration as well after inoculation of the pathogens with those infected with N. sibiricum showing the strongest re-sistance, while with Epichlo？ gansuensis, the weakest

关 键 词：病原真菌 内生真菌 羽茅 抗病性 

分 类 号：S452[农业科学—植物保护]