连续施用生物有机肥提高设施黄瓜产量和品质的研究  

Research on continuous application of bio-organic fertilizer for improving greenhouse cucumber yield and quality

作　　者：巩子毓 高旭[1] 黄炎[1] 李荣[1] 王东升[1] 沈其荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化协同创新中心/国家有机肥类肥料工程技术研究中心/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2016年第5期777-783,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2013AA102802);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(KYZ2015197;KYCYL201502);南京市科技计划项目(201505041);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(15)100606);苏北专项(BN2015082);青蓝工程项目;国家大学生创新训练项目(201510307025)

摘　　要：[目的]评估田间连续施用生物有机肥对设施黄瓜的促生效果,以期为有效改善施肥模式和提高设施黄瓜产量提供新的途径。[方法]通过田间试验,研究了连续3季施用化肥、有机肥及生物有机肥对设施黄瓜产量、生物量、品质及病原菌数量的影响。[结果]相比于化肥(CF)处理、有机肥(OF)处理和空白对照(CK),连续施用生物有机肥(BIO,含解淀粉芽孢杆菌SQR9)的每一季均增加了植株株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量和产量;第1季增产幅度分别达11.06%、9.41%和18.60%,第2季分别达30.63%、3.67%和75.44%,第3季分别达9.63%、7.44%和69.95%,且第1季和第2季BIO处理产量显著高于CF处理和对照;同时生物有机肥的施用也明显提高了果实维生素C、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量,提高了黄瓜品质;连续2季施用BIO后,根际土壤中病原菌数量最低且显著低于CF处理和对照;连续施用3季后,BIO处理根际土壤中病原菌数量显著低于其他处理和对照。[结论]连续施用含解淀粉芽孢杆菌SQR9的生物有机肥可以有效提高设施黄瓜产量和品质,并且可以降低土体和根际土壤中病原菌的数量。[Objectives]Effect of continuous application of bio-organic fertilizer（ BIO） on greenhouse cucumber yield was investigated in this study for providing a new fertilization strategy for cucumber planting. [Methods]The effects of chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer and BIO on the cucumber plant biomass,fruit yield and quality and the pathogen（ Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum）number were investigated in three successive seasons in a plastic greenhouse. [Results]Compared to chemical fertilizer treatment（ CF）,organic fertilizer（ OF） treatment and blank control using none fertilizer（ CK）,continuous application of BIO improved the plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll content and cucumber yield in each season. The yields increased by 11. 06%,9. 41% and18.60% in the first season,30.63%,3.67% and 75.44% in the second season,and 9.63%,7.44% and 69.95% in the third season.Cucumber yield in BIO treatment in the first and the second seasons were significantly higher than those in CF and CK. Meanwhile,application of BIO also significantly improved the quality of cucumber fruits,increasing the vitamin C,soluble sugar and soluble protein content in the fruits. The number of Fusarium oxysporum in BIO treatment was significantly lower than that of CF treatment and CK after application for two consecutive seasons and than that of the other treatments and CK after application for three consecutive seasons. [Conclusions]Continuous application of BIO produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 effectively improved the cucumber yield and fruit quality and reduced the pathogen number in greenhouse.

关 键 词：黄瓜 生物有机肥 产量 果实品质 病原菌 

分 类 号：S144.9[农业科学—肥料学]