人工降雨条件下华南红壤氮素流失规律研究  

Nitrogen Loss on Red Soil in South China under Artificial Rainfall Conditions

作　　者：卜洪龙 任秀文[2,3] 陆俊卿[2,3] 陈中颖[2,3] 刘晓伟[2,3] 汪光[2,3] 李来胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学化学与环境学院,广东广州510006 [2]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所国家环境保护水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室,广东广州510655 [3]广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室,广东广州510655

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2016年第8期27-34,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家环保公益性行业科研专项(201509027);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(zx021_201408_041)

摘　　要：采用人工模拟降雨装置,以华南地区典型雨强65、120 mm/h及坡度5°为实验条件,对华南红壤横向径流和纵向淋失的氮素流失规律进行了研究。结果表明：横向地表径流和其它形式均为2种雨强下雨水的主要分配途径,雨水在横向地表径流中的分配比例均超过39%,大于纵向淋失和横向壤中流的分配比例之和。2种雨强下横向地表径流总氮、硝态氮和氨氮流失比例均超过90%,远大于相应雨强下的壤中流与入渗流失比例,横向地表径流是各形态氮素流失的主要途径;雨强由65 mm/h增大至120 mm/h时,地表径流造成的氨氮、硝态氮和总氮流失量增加到2.42~2.67倍,淋溶损失造成的氨氮、硝态氮和总氮流失量则增加到1.42~2.33倍,雨强对地表径流各形态氮素流失的影响比淋失的要大。Based on the typical rainfall intensity（65 mm/h and 120 mm/h） and slope（5°） in south China area,a field study of nitrogen loss was conducted in red soil by using rainfall simulator.Results showed that the lateral surface runoff and other forms are the two main distribution ways of the experimental rainfall intensities.Rainwater in the lateral surface runoff ratio is more than 39%,which is greater than the sum of allocation proportion of vertical leaching and horizontal interflow.Total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen loss ratios of horizontal surface runoff under two rainfall intensities exceed 90%,which are far greater than the loss ratios of interflow and infiltration under the corresponding rainfall intensities,and horizontal surface runoff is the main channel of various forms of nitrogen losses.While rainfall intensity increases from65 mm/h to 120 mm/h,total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen loss caused by the horizontal surface runoff increases to 2.42 ~2.67 times.Meanwhile,total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen loss caused by the vertical leaching increases to 1.42 ~2.33 times,rainfall intensity exert a greater impact on surface runoff than leaching inregard to nitrogen losses.

关 键 词：人工降雨 红壤 氮素 流失规律 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]