中国没有牙齿的翼龙化石  

The Toothless Pterosaurs from China

作　　者：吕君昌[1] 滕芳芳 孙德玉 沈才智[1,4] 李国清[5] 高霞 柳汉丰[5] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037 [2]大连星海古生物化石博物馆,辽宁大连116000 [3]锦州古生物化石博物馆,辽宁锦州121000 [4]大连自然博物馆,辽宁大连116023 [5]江西应用技术职业学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《地质学报》2016年第9期2513-2525,共13页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:41272022);中国地质科学院基本业务费(编号:JB1504);中国地质调查局(编号:DD20160201)联合资助的成果

摘　　要：本文总结了古神翼龙类的特征,尤其是对中国发现的没有牙齿的翼龙类(包括古神翼龙类、朝阳翼龙类及神龙翼龙类)进行系统总结。通过对比,把中国的古神翼龙类建立两个新的亚科:中国翼龙亚科及华夏翼龙亚科。从古神翼龙类头骨形态变化来看,其演化趋势是头骨由低长向短高变化,这一变化的原因可能与其食性变化有关。根据在辽西凌源四合当九佛堂组发现的一几乎完整的化石骨架建立了中国翼龙新种:凌源中国翼龙(新种),它具有以下特征:鼻眶前孔的长度与高度之比率为3.20;吻部指数为3.03;股骨与胫骨长度之比率约为0.66以及第2翼指骨与第1翼指骨长度之比率为0.85。根据发现于辽西朝阳九佛堂组的另一个体较小的古神翼龙类化石骨架,建立华夏翼龙属一新种:返祖华夏翼龙(新种)。虽然它个体较小,但是它具有华夏翼龙类似的头骨脊,然而它的第2和第3翼指骨的后面具有原始喙嘴龙类翼龙的沟状结构,以区别于其它的华夏翼龙类。返祖华夏翼龙的翼指骨后部沟状结构的出现,应为返祖现象的体现。而这一现象,在翼手龙类中为首次报道。The characters of Tapejaridae are summarized. Especially, the Chinese toothless pterosaurs（including tapejarids, chaoyangopterids and azhdarchids） are systematically summarized. Based on the comparison, the Chinese tapejarids are divided into two new subfamilies： Sinopterinae and Huaxiapterinae. From the morphological changes of the tapejarid skulls, the evolution trend of skulls is from long and shallow to short and high，these changes may be caused by their diet changes. A new species of Sinopterinae： Sinopterus lingyuanensis sp. nov. is erected based on the nearly complete skeleton from the Jiufotang Formation of Sihedang, Lingyuan of Liaoning Province. Sinopterus lingyuanensis sp. nov. is characterized by ratio of length to height of nasoantorbital opening approximate 3.20；rostral index 3.03；length ratio of femur to tibia approximate 0.66 and ratio of wing phalange 2 to wing phalange 1 about 0.85. A new species of huaxiapterid pterosaur： Huaxiapterus atavismus sp.nov. is erected based on a small tapejarid skeleton from the Jiufotang Formation of Chaoyang, western Liaoning Province. Although it is small, it bears a premaxillary crest which is one character of huaxiapterids. However, Huaxiapterus atavismus differs from other huaxiapterids in that a groove appears on the posterior surfaces of the wing phalange 2 and wing phalange 3 respectively, and this character only appears in those primitive rhamphorhynchid pterosaurs. The groove like structure, which appears in Huaxiapterus atavismus should be the reflection of atavism. This phenomenon is the first reported in pterodactyloids.

关 键 词：中国翼龙亚科 华夏翼龙亚科 凌源中国翼龙 返祖华夏翼龙 中国辽西 早白垩世 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]