发现底层——1990年以来中国阶层研究的进路与转向  

Finding the Bottom Society ——The Route and Swerve of the Chinese Stratification Research Since 1990

作　　者：魏程琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学中国乡村治理研究中心,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第5期39-45,共7页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中间阶层对农村社会治理的作用和参与机制研究"(14CKS037);项目负责人:刘洋;国家社会科学基金项目"阶层分化背景下农村社会治理研究"(15CKS022);项目负责人:陈锋

摘　　要：改革开放以来,城乡社会阶层结构被打破重组,以农民、农民工、城市失业低收入群体为主的底层社会逐渐形成,但它并未自始进入社会学阶层研究的视野。随着贫富差距日益拉大,底层抗争行为日益突出,孙立平等人于1990年代末提出"社会断裂"理论,这标志着底层社会正式进入阶层研究者的视域;然而,几乎所有学者都将底层社会视为上层(精英)社会形成的必然结果,止于道德化的判断和呼吁,并且迅即告别底层转向城市(中产)阶层研究。针对学界阶层研究的理论贫瘠和经验困惑,一些学者做出了重返底层的努力,他们重提"阶级范式"、面向底层社会经验,试图从中提炼出本土化的阶层概念和分析框架,以解读和回应中国社会发展变化中的问题。Accompanied by the footsteps of China's Reform and Opening up,urban and rural stratification structure is broken and restructured.The bottom society is gradually formed by farmers,migrant workers and urban unemployment or low-income groups.However,the bottom did not enter into the sociology class research view at the beginning.In the late 1990 s,China's social gap between rich and poor is increasingly widening,resistance behaviors of the underlying group is increasingly prominent.Sun Liping put forward the theory of'social fracture'.This is a sign that the bottom society enters the class researchers'horizon.However,almost all researchers regard the bottom society as the result of the upper(elite)society formation and stop at the moral judgments and calls,and quickly say goodbye to the bottom,then turn to cities and the middle class research.In view of the stratification research theory arid and experience confusion,some scholars have made efforts to return to the bottom.They hark back to the paradigm of'class'and orient to the bottom social experience,trying to extract the local stratification concept and analytical framework to interpret and respond to the problems which come from the social development and changes.

关 键 词：底层社会 阶层研究 中产阶层 社会断裂 阶级范式 本土化 村治研究 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]