北斗/GPS双频静态伪距单点定位结果对比分析  

A Comparative Study of Static Pseudorange Single Point Positioning by Double Frequency between BDS and GPS

作　　者：卢伟俊 万庆涛[1] 范江涛[1] 张杰[1,2] 王晓岚[1,2] 李婧华[1] 马冠一[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100012 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《天文研究与技术》2016年第4期433-440,共8页Astronomical Research & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11473045;11403045)资助

摘　　要：北斗卫星导航系统于2012年12月对亚太地区正式投入运行。为了对相关性能参数进行全面的分析比较,利用2014年4月在北京采集的观测时间56 h历元间隔10 s的原始双频数据,分别得到北斗与全球定位系统的静态伪距单点定位结果。北斗的可见卫星数多于全球定位系统,但是由于星座布局尚未完善,北斗的位置精度因子(Position Dilution of Precision,PDOP)均值为2.49,略大于全球定位系统的位置精度因子均值2.12。北斗的单位权中误差均值为2.28 m,全球定位系统为2.50 m,说明北斗的测距精度优于全球定位系统。北斗粗差出现的频次为0.57%,全球定位系统为1.02%,北斗的可用性优于全球定位系统。剔除粗差值后,北斗在水平、高程的内符合精度(3.24 m,4.40 m)优于全球定位系统(3.90 m,5.57 m),但与标准坐标的差值(8.50 m,3.73 m,-0.80 m)不如全球定位系统(4.50 m,2.25 m,0.56 m),即稳定性优于全球定位系统,但准确性不如全球定位系统。可以预计,随着北斗星座系统的完善,定位性能会进一步提高。BeiDou Navigation Satellite System （BDS） was put into operation in Asian Pacific region in December 2012. To give a comprehensively comparative study of static pseudorange single point positioning between BDS and Global Positioning System （GPS） the double frequency data was sampled at lOs interval for 56h in Beijing in April 2014. The number of visible BDS satellites is larger than that of GPS. However, since BDS eonstellation is not finished yet, it has a positioning dilution of precision （ PDOP ） value of 2.49, which is a little larger than that of GPS ： 2. 12. The standard error of unit weight is 2. 28m and 2.50m for BDS and GPS, respectively. This indicates that BDS has a better psuedorangc precision than GPS. The occurrence frequency of gross error is O. 57% for BDS and 1.02% for GPS, which shows that the usability of BDS is better than that of GPS. After removing the gross error, inner coincidence accuracy of BDS is better than that of GPS. It is 3.24m in horizontal direction and 4. 40m in vertical direction for BDS. It is 3.90m horizontally and 5.47m vertically for GPS. But deviation between standard coordinate of BDS （8.50m, 3.73m, -0.80m） is less satisfying than that of GPS （4. 50m, 2. 25m, 0. 56m）, which means that BDS is better than GPS on stability but less accurate than GPS. It can be predicted that BDS will achieve better performance with the improvement and fulfillment of its constellation.

关 键 词：单点定位 北斗 全球定位系统 位置精度因子 权中误差 

分 类 号：P228.4[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]