从华沙到巴黎:欧盟气候外交政策的新趋势  

From Warsaw to Paris:the New Change of the EU's Climate Diplomacy

作　　者：关孔文[1,2] 房乐宪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学欧洲问题研究中心 [2]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《和平与发展》2016年第4期82-93,共12页Peace and Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中国人民大学欧洲问题研究中心项目基金资助课题的阶段性成果;课题名称:"全球化背景下中欧关系的发展态势与挑战";项目编号:12JJD810006

摘　　要：长期以来,欧盟一直试图在全球气候治理进程中发挥主导作用。在欧盟倡导下,从2013年底的华沙气候大会开始,国际社会正式就"德班平台"及其特设工作小组进行务实谈判。在2015年底的巴黎气候大会上,国际社会达成了"后京都时代"最为重要的法律性文件《巴黎协定》,以此规划了2020年之后全球气候治理的工作方式和法律框架。在此过程中,欧盟也在根据自身的利益诉求不断调整其气候外交政策:针对"2015新协议"和"后2020机制设置"问题,欧盟更为强调新协议的有效性和可持续性;提倡将减排由"承诺"向"国家自主贡献"过渡;更加重视气候金融和技术援助问题,并关注气候变化所带来的连锁效应;基于现有减排与2摄氏度目标的差距,欧盟更强调对缔约方进行监督的重要意义,重申透明度及可说明性原则。The EU has long been trying to play a dominant role in global climate governance.Under the initiation of the EU,the international community has formally begun practical negotiations on the 'Durban Platform' and its Ad Hoc working groups since the Warsaw Climate Conference held in 2013.After 3 years consultation and negotiation,the international community has reached the Paris Agreement,the most important legal document of the 'post-Kyoto era',which provides the working method and legal framework for global climate governance after 2020.During this process,the EU adjusted its climate diplomacy constantly in accordance with its own interests.In regard to the new agreement of 2015 and the post-2020 mechanism,the EU has put more emphasis on the effectiveness and sustainability of the new agreement;in consideration of the effectiveness of emission reduction and the way to stimulate the ambition of the signatory states,the EU has proposed the transition from emission reduction 'commitment' to 'national contribution';in order to make the developed countries fulfill their commitment effectively,the EU has attached more importance to financial and technical assistance issues,and given attention to the chain reaction brought about by the climate change;in view of the gap between the current emission reduction and 2 degrees centigrade goal,the EU has laid more stress on the significance of supervision on the signatory states,reiterating the principle of transparency and accountability.The aforementioned new trend of the EU s climate diplomacy is worth following closely and reflecting.

关 键 词：华沙气候大会 巴黎气候大会 欧盟气候外交 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]